1391 Usmc
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Basic Petroleum Operating Concept
To always keep storage tanks full
Which unit's needs are met first?
most forward deployed
Where does the Fuel forecast come from?
Consuming units
Developed Theaters
Not locally procured, received at marine petroleum terminals
Undeveloped Theaters
Various sources, utilizing OPDS, etc..
OPDS
Offshore Petroleum Discharge System
Army
Provides fuel to Army Units/ responsible for inland fuel
Marines
Provides fuel to Marine units/ responsible for over the shore
Navy
Provides fuel for Navy units and is responsible for getting fuel to the high water line
IPDS
Inland Petroleum Distribution System functions as a rapid deployable, high volume pipeline system
Functional Elements of the IPDS
1. Tactical Petroleum Terminal 2. Pump Stations 3. Pipeline sets 4. Pipeline Support Hardware
AAFS
Amphibious Assault Fuel System, largest fuel system utilized by the Marine Corps to provide expedient over the shore fueling capabilities.
Storage Capacity of AAFS
1.12 million gallons stored in 6 farm tanks
TAFDS
Tactical Airfield Fuel Dispensing System
Storage Capacity of the TAFDS
320,000 gallons
HERS
Helicopter Expedient Refueling System
Basic Storage Capacity of HERS
18,000 gallons
ERS
Expedient Refueling System (simplest USMC refueling system)
What pump is used with the ERS?
125 GPM, and any fuel source available (ex. 500 gallon drum, tank truck, etc)
Distance from Shore that OPDS Deploys
8 miles
How much fuel can the OPDS Pump and in how long?
1.7 million gallons every 20 hour day
What time do fueling operations have to be complete?
within 48 hours
Parts of the OPDS
1. M. V. Wheeler boat 2. OPDS Tender Vessel 3. LARC 4. Beach Grader
M. V. Wheeler
Approaches beach as far as close as 8 miles to the beach
Tender Vessel
AKA: 160ft crew boat, tows pipeline to 3 meters from high water mark
LARC
Lighter Amphibious Resupply Cargo Vehicle
Jobs of the LARC
1. Tows pipeline from 3 meter mark to the high water line 2. Carries the Beach Grader Used for carrying connexes and palatalized cargo
RHIB
Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat
Uses for RHIB
Short range insertion/extraction and coastal resupply. Used with the OPDS as a auxiliary helping vehicle for tasks and personnel movement
Beach Grader
Places anchors for the BTU approximately 4 feet deep at high water mark
BTU
Beach Termination Unit
What is the BTU?
Interface for the IPDS and OPDS Sits on high-water mark Maintained by Marines
Floating bouys
Attached to 1st 1000 feet of pipeline
Manifold
piping arrangement used to direct the flow of fuel in liquid form
Switching Manifold
Used with the IPDS once fuel enters the TPT
TPT
Tactical Petroleum Terminal
Fuel Unit
1/3 of a TPT
Components of a switching manifold
Fuel Sampling assembly located on inlet line Four-meter strainer assemblies Working pressure of 150 psi flow rate of 800 gpm
Manifold Locations
1. Base Terminal 2. Intermediate Terminal 3. Head Terminal
Base Terminal
Port of entry and initial storage of fuel
Intermediate Terminal
Dual purpose as a reserve fuel storage and also dispensing instillation
Head Terminal
Also called Pipeline Terminals, located in the field
Manifold Valves
1st digit is tank number, second is number in feeder line
Main line valves
letter designation of line followed by an assigned valve number
PS
Pump Suction
PD
Pump Discharge
Connections
1. IPDS Single groove 2. Double groove 3. Cam-lock
Single Groove pipeline
Used for High pressure pipelines and pump stations Working pressure of 740 PSI
Double Groove pipeline
Used for low pressure pipeline inside TPT Max working pressure of 150 PSI
Cam-Lock connectors
Quick disconnect fittings found on some valves and hoses in the TPT Low pressure/max pressure of 150 PSI
Rising-Stem Gate Valve
1. Easy indication if valve is open or closed 2. Easy to maintain 3. Allows Scraper to pass through 4. Easy to Sabotage 5. Requires a lot of headroom 6. Takes time to open and close
Non Rising Gate Valve
Less headroom required harder to sabotage allows scraper to pass through provides maximum fuel flow cannot tell if it is open or closed
Check Valves
Fuel flows in one direction only, prevents back flow of fuel
Pressure Relief Valve
Automatic valves set to release pressure when it gets to a certain point used to prevent rupture of pipeline due to vapors
Thermal Relief Valves
Used to prevent over pressure from expansion of fuel within pipeline due to thermal changes discharges small quantities of fuel Set to 10% above max pressure 814 PSI
How often do you check Thermal Relief Valves
Every 6 months
Where are THermal Relief Valves located?
On launcher and receiver
Pressure Regulator
4 inch valves with 6 inch IPDS single groove adapters used to regulate pressure of fuel entering TPT
Pressure Regulator PSI limits
50 PSI upstream 125 downstream
Ball Valves
Used at fuel dispensing assembly and switching manifold quick acting valve scraper can not pass through
Size of Ball valves
vary in size from 1/2-6 inches
Globe Valve
Used to Regulate or Throttle flow of fuel Only valve that can be operated partially open or closed
Size of Tank Cars
From 6,000-16,000 gallons
Dome
Allows for product to expand
Shell
Tank where the fuel is held
Types of track for loading and unloading tank cars
Spur and Bypass
Distance buildings must be from loading/unloading site
100 feet
Method for grounding rail car
1. Track to Track 2. Track to Ground 3. Rack to Shell 4. Rack to Ground
How close should fire extinguishers be?
2 CO2 fire extinguishers should be within 5-10 feet of car
How far apart should tank cars be?
25 feet minimum, preferably 50 feet
Regulations for Stop sign on back of tank cars
12x15" STOP must be 4" high all other letters 2" high Black letters on a yellow background
Type of coupling used for bottom loading/unloading when overseas
Gossler Coupling
Bottom outlet US
5"
Bottom outlet everywhere else
4"
Bottom loading is to always be used unless what?
In an emergency or by order of the base commander
Distance pumping unit must be from car
50 feet
Reduce speed of pump when rail car is __________
3/4 full
allow pump to cool down for _____________
3-5 minutes
Allow product to stand for _________ before sampling
15 minutes
Replace _____________________ with ________________________ after fueling operations are complete
DANGEROUS-EMPTY with FLAMMABLE
Ground all _________
equipment
Long Stick used for gauging is _____ long
10 feet graduated in 1/8" divisions
What is the long stick used for?
Measuring product in the shell
Keep stick in fuel for _________
30 seconds
Record fuel and water cut to nearest _____________
1/8th of an inch
Repeat gauging until ____________
you get two identical readings
Short gauging stick is _________ long
36 inches with two scales and a common "0"
What is the short stick used for?
Measuring shell outage and dome innage
Get ___________ and cut to __________
two identical readings; nearest 1/8th inch
How are we going to score on this test?
100%
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