Question 1

Describe the risk management process.

Accepted Answer

Identify hazards, assess hazards, develop controls and make risk decisions, implement controls, and supervise and evaluate. Steps 1 and 2 are the assessment steps (risk assessment); steps 3 through 5 are the management steps. ATP 5-19 is the Army publication that contains the five-step process, its tools and techniques, and the matrices that go with it. [Source: ATP 5-19, Risk Management (09 November 2021), para 1-15 — "Steps 1 and 2 of RM are assessment steps—risk assessment is the identification and assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk management process) (JP 3-26). Steps 3 through 5 of RM are management steps" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34181-ATP_5-19-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 2

Describe the third step of the risk management process, developing controls and making risk decisions.

Accepted Answer

Controls can modify probability and/or severity; each command sets the level of risk that command can assume. In step 3 leaders develop one or more controls that either eliminate the hazard or reduce the risk - the probability and severity of loss - and then reassess to get the residual risk. Controls fall into three categories: educational (awareness), physical, and hazard elimination. The responsible commander at the appropriate echelon determines the risk tolerance for the situation and makes the decision to accept or not accept the residual risk, and Army commands establish and publish their own approval authority for risk acceptance. [Source: ATP 5-19, Risk Management (09 November 2021), para 1-49, Step 3-Develop Controls and Make Decisions — "The responsible commander at the appropriate echelon determines the risk tolerance for the situation. The responsible commander makes risk decisions—to accept or not accept the risk (see paragraphs 1-7 and 1-8)—based on the residual risk le" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34181-ATP_5-19-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 3

When would you use the risk management process?

Accepted Answer

On all Army operations, and also for garrison activities and everyday operations. Risk management is a cyclical and continuous process applied across all Army operations including training, individual and collective day-to-day activities and events, and base operations functions; the Army also directs that Soldiers and civilians integrate it into activities both on and off duty. [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 6-2c — "Soldiers and civilians should integrate the RM process into activities both on and off duty." https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 4

A Soldier working under a vehicle in a motor pool without safety goggles is splashed in the eyes with hydraulic fluid and permanently loses vision in one eye. Is this an Army accident, and if so, what class?

Accepted Answer

Yes - it is an Army accident, and it is a Class B Army accident, because an injury that results in permanent partial disability is Class B regardless of the dollar cost, and permanent loss of vision in one eye is a permanent partial disability (a fatality or permanent TOTAL disability would make it Class A). The leader should also look into why the Soldier was not wearing proper eye protection. Note: the current AR 385-10 (24 July 2023) calls these mishaps rather than accidents and has raised the money thresholds - Class B property damage is now $600,000 or more but less than $2.5 million, and Class A is $2.5 million or more - but the permanent partial disability criterion for Class B is unchanged, so the answer is still Class B. [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 3-9b, Mishap classification — "Class B mishap. An Army mishap in which— (1) An injury and/or occupational illness results in permanent partial disability (as defined in the glossary); or (2) Three or more personnel are hospitalized as inpatients as the result of a single" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 5

What two sources define the classifications of an Army accident?

Accepted Answer

AR 385-10 and the U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center website. AR 385-10 sets out the classes in its mishap classification paragraph (Class A through Class F), and the USACRC published the same definitions on safety.army.mil as the Army Accident Classification Chart under Accident Reporting and Investigation, Regulations and Guidance. Note: the implementing procedures now also live in DA Pam 385-40, Army Mishap Investigation and Reporting. [Source: U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center, safety.army.mil, Accident Reporting & Investigation > Regulations & Guidance > Army Accident Classification Chart (captured 29 November 2010) — "ARMY ACCIDENT CLASSIFICATION CHART Army Accident Classification" https://web.archive.org/web/20101129220711/https://safety.army.mil/accidentreporting/REGULATIONSGUIDANCE/ArmyAccidentClassificationChart/tabid/470/Default.aspx]

Question 6

Describe the different components of workplace safety.

Accepted Answer

Job hazard analysis, electrical safety, and a hazard communication (HAZCOM) program. Army safety and occupational health personnel develop, plan, organize and execute workplace safety programs that also take in ergonomics, respiratory protection, PPE, materials handling and storage, machine guarding, hand and portable powered tools, bloodborne pathogens and confined space. The HAZCOM program is the one that requires written plans, hazard determination, safety data sheets, labeling, training and a data management system, and it points commanders at risk management and the job hazard analysis to decide the appropriate course of action. [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 9-1, Army Hazard Communication Program — "HAZCOM policies and procedures will include written plans, hazard determination, SDSs, labeling, training, and the data management system. Commanders may also use HAZCOM for all other employees at their discretion. Use RM and/or JHA to assi" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 7

What are some of the identified hazards of a bivouac site?

Accepted Answer

Field sanitation, field mess operations, carbon monoxide poisoning, generators, and movement of motor vehicles. DA Pam 385-10 lists the full set of things commanders and leaders must train and write procedures for in tactical assembly and bivouac areas: site selection, assembly and disassembly of structures, camouflage, protective barriers and wire, field sanitation, generators, field mess operations, storage of flammable liquids and gases, fire prevention and fire extinguishers, grounding of equipment, restriction and control of motor vehicles, heaters, carbon monoxide poisoning awareness, and antenna and signal equipment. Most bivouac mishaps happen at night and come from a lack of training or PPE, violations of standards, or complacency. [Source: DA Pam 385-10, Army Safety and Occupational Health Program Procedures (24 July 2023), para 5-6 — "Many mishaps occur in tactical assembly and bivouac areas (especially at night) and most are due to a lack of training or PPE, violations of standards, and/or complacency." https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN30093-PAM_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 8

Name three of the tactical safety areas.

Accepted Answer

Bivouac areas, tactical water operations, and environmental hazards. A commander's tactical safety program has to cover common hazards and countermeasures in tactical environments and the safety and occupational health procedures for field operations and bivouac areas; tactical water safety operations are a separate requirement, where commanders identify weak and nonswimmers and provide water survival training. Operational and environmental health hazards - chemical, radiological, physical, food, water and vector-borne - are assessed with risk management in coordination with preventive medicine. [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 12-7, Tactical water safety operations — "Commanders of units conducting water operations or conducting operations in or around water hazards should develop and implement standard procedures to identify visually weak and nonswimmers and provide water survival training appropriate t" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 9

What safety personnel does a company commander have direct access to?

Accepted Answer

The additional duty safety officer (ADSO), the civilian collateral duty safety officer (CDSO), and specific area experts, military or civilian; the commander can also reach up to battalion or brigade level. Note: AR 385-10 (24 July 2023) changed the official title of the additional/collateral duty safety officer to unit safety officer (USO). The structure the course describes is unchanged - commanders designate USOs at organizations below brigade/garrison down to company level unless a full-time safety officer is assigned, the USO is appointed on written orders and reports directly to the unit commander on safety matters, and the full-time safety and occupational health staff sits at brigade/garrison level and above as the organization's SOH advisors. [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 1-8b — "Establish SOH staff at brigade/garrison level and above to serve as the organization SOH advisors and program administrators." https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 10

When would OSHA standards not apply?

Accepted Answer

OSHA standards do apply, but 29 CFR 1960 and Executive Order 12196 both provide exceptions. Army operations in and outside the United States comply with OSHA programs except for military-unique operations, and Executive Order 12196 itself says the order applies to all agencies of the Executive Branch except military personnel and uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations. [Source: Executive Order 12196, Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees (26 February 1980), section 1-101 — "This order applies to all agencies of the Executive Branch except military personnel and uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations." https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12196.html]

Question 11

What exceptions are provided in Executive Order 12196 and 29 CFR 1960?

Accepted Answer

Exemptions include vehicles designed for military use only, and situations where OSHA standards are not practicable. 29 CFR 1960.2(i) excludes from the scope of the order the design of DoD equipment and systems unique to the national defense mission - military aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles and missile sites, early warning systems, military space systems, artillery, tanks and tactical vehicles - and uniquely military operations such as field maneuvers, naval operations, military flight operations, associated research test and development, and actions required under emergency conditions. Executive Order 12196 adds the alternate-standard exception: agency heads comply with all standards issued under section 6 of the Act except where the Secretary of Labor approves compliance with alte [Source: Executive Order 12196, Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees (26 February 1980), section 1-201(d) — "Comply with all standards issued under section 6 of the Act, except where the Secretary approves compliance with alternative standards." https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12196.html]

Question 12

How would you choose and train your organization's drivers?

Accepted Answer

Evaluate potential drivers on maturity, duty performance, previous driving records, and performance during the required driver's training courses. AR 600-55 requires a documented, in-person driver interview conducted by the commander or an authorized representative, in which the areas of concern are maturity, attitude, past driving record, hearing, extreme nervousness or any abnormal characteristics, plus medications that cause drowsiness or impair vision or coordination; the commander then uses the interview to select the best qualified individuals, and the operator goes through the unit's driver or operator training program before being licensed on an OF 346 or DA Form 5984-E. [Source: AR 600-55, The Army Driver and Operator Standardization Program (25 April 2025), para 3-2d — "Commanders should exercise discretion and use the interview process to select the best qualified individuals to operate vehicles or equipment" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN41373-AR_600-55-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 13

As a commander or supervisor, what is your role in motor vehicle safety?

Accepted Answer

Ensure all personnel on and off duty follow AR 385-10 - covering personal vehicles, Army vehicles, motorcycles, tactical and non-tactical use, pedestrian and bicycle safety - and report severe automotive accidents to the U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center. AR 385-10 requires commanders to develop and maintain a motor vehicle safety program whose policy and procedures cover selecting, training, testing and licensing operators, training programs that encompass on- and off-duty operation, occupant protection, operator fatigue, impaired driving, ground guides, safe movement of personnel, motorcycle safety and pedestrian safety; and initial telephonic notification to USACRC is required for all actual or potential class A, class B and aviation class C mishaps. [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 3-11b, U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center notification — "U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center notification. Initial telephonic notification is required for all or potential class A, B, and aviation C mishaps" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 14

Where can you find the regulatory requirements for a unit's safety SOP?

Accepted Answer

AR 385-10 and DA Pam 385-10. AR 385-10 carries the requirement - battalion level commanders and below establish standard operating procedures to implement their chain of command's program, and the unit safety officer assists in developing and reviewing unit SOPs so that safety and risk management are integrated and controls are established for identified hazards - and DA Pam 385-10 carries the mandatory procedures, including a whole chapter of guidelines for developing, writing and implementing SOPs for hazardous operations in support of AR 385-10. [Source: DA Pam 385-10, Army Safety and Occupational Health Program Procedures (24 July 2023), para 8-2, Standing Operating Procedures for Hazardous Operations — "This chapter establishes guidelines for developing, writing, and implementing industrial operation SOPs and describes a method to perform hazardous operations in an efficient, effective, and safe manner based on collective experience and kn" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN30093-PAM_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 15

What is contained in an explosive safety management plan (ESMP)?

Accepted Answer

A list of required explosives safety training, oversight, management, coordination, SOPs, safety policies, directives, and investigation and reporting procedures for an accident. In AR 385-10 terms an ESMP must address organization and staffing, real estate/explosives site submissions and licensing, emergency response coordination and planning, installation master planning, risk management and risk acceptance levels, records management, inspections/evaluations/audits/annual reviews, training (including a qualification program for personnel supervising or performing ammunition and explosives functions), the 3Rs program, and access control; battalion level and below implement it through their own SOPs, and explosives safety mishap reporting follows the AR 385-10 mishap reporting rules. [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 2-27, Commanders with a Department of Defense military munitions mission — "Battalion level commanders and below will establish standard operating procedures (SOPs) to implement applicable portions of the senior commander and their chain of command's ESMP." https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 16

What are the commander's responsibilities for range safety?

Accepted Answer

Designate an OIC and an RSO, and ensure they have the proper training, are qualified on the weapon being trained, and meet the rank requirement. AR 385-63 requires unit commanders to designate an officer in charge and a range safety officer for each firing exercise and/or maneuver in accordance with the OIC/RSO appointment requirements in DA Pam 385-63, ensure those personnel are certified under the installation range safety certification program, and ensure they are competent and properly instructed and knowledgeable or qualified in the weapon systems they are responsible for and in safe ammunition handling. The RSO may have no additional duties during the firing exercise. [Source: AR 385-63/MCO 3570.1C, Range Safety (30 January 2012), para 1-9f(5) — "Comply with range safety certification program requirements in DA Pam 385–63 for OIC and RSOs to ensure they are— (a) Competent and properly instructed in the performance of their duties. (b) Knowledgeable or qualified in the weapon systems" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/r385_63.pdf]

Question 17

Which military decision-making process steps contain more than two risk management steps?

Accepted Answer

Orders production, dissemination and transition; and course of action development and analysis. In ATP 5-19's table of risk management in the MDMP, orders production, dissemination and transition is marked for all five RM steps, and COA development and COA analysis are each marked for three - identify the hazards, assess the hazards, and develop controls and make risk decisions. Every other MDMP step carries two or fewer: mission analysis two, and receipt of mission, COA comparison and COA approval one each. [Source: ATP 5-19, Risk Management (09 November 2021), para 4-3 — "Commanders and staffs develop controls and make risk decisions during COA development, COA analysis, COA comparison, and COA approval. Staffs implement RM controls during the last step of the MDMP. This step includes orders production, diss" https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34181-ATP_5-19-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 18

Each Safety Data Sheet has sixteen sections. Which sections are most critical for a hazardous chemical safety assessment?

Accepted Answer

Hazard(s) identification, first-aid measures, firefighting measures, and handling and storage requirements - plus toxicological information, ecological information, and disposal considerations. That is the answer the course key expects. Note: under 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix D only sections 1 through 11 and 16 are mandatory, and sections 12 through 15 - ecological information, disposal considerations, transport information and regulatory information - may be included but are not mandatory, so two of the sections the course calls critical (ecological information and disposal considerations) are ones OSHA does not require on the sheet at all. The mandatory ones the course names - hazard(s) identification (section 2), first-aid measures (4), firefighting measures (5), handling and storage (7)  [Source: AR 385-10, The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (24 July 2023), para 9-2a, Safety data sheets — "All SDSs will include 16 sections, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(2): (1) Identification. (2) Hazard(s) identification. (3) Composition/information on ingredients. (4) First aid measures. (5) Firefighting measures." https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN34981-AR_385-10-000-WEB-1.pdf]

Question 19

What is the approved method to determine the safety culture in an organization, and who must participate?

Accepted Answer

The Army Readiness Assessment Program (ARAP) - mandatory for battalion or battalion-equivalent organizations, though individual participation is voluntary. AR 385-10 requires commanders at battalion level or equivalent to enroll in and complete ARAP within 90 days of assumption of command, review the results, and conduct a follow-up (mid-tour) assessment within 12 to 18 months. ARAP is a web-based survey that gives the commander data on the unit's readiness posture across five segments - process auditing, reward systems, quality control, risk management, and command and control - and all assessments and users are anonymous, which is what makes the individual Soldier's participation voluntary and the feedback honest. [Source: U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center, safety.army.mil, Army Readiness Assessment Program, ARAP Overview (captured 22 July 2011) — "All assessments and users are anonymous." https://web.archive.org/web/20110722182234/https://arap.safety.army.mil/]

Question 20

On the U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center website, where can a commander find range safety historical information?

Accepted Answer

Under the on-duty tab, in the Range and Weapon Safety Toolbox. The U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center built the toolbox (its exact name on the site is the Range and Weapons Safety Toolbox) to help commanders and leaders manage range operations and safe weapons handling, and it sits under the ON-DUTY menu on safety.army.mil. Its holdings include lessons learned, vignettes, presentations, risk assessments, training support packages, OIC/RSO certification material, publications and safety messages and alerts. Note: parts of the toolbox have required Army login to view. [Source: U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center, safety.army.mil, ON-DUTY > Range and Weapons Safety Toolbox (captured 10 February 2019) — "The U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center developed this toolbox to aid commanders and leaders in the management of range operations and safe weapons handling. The toolbox provides a centralized collection of resources to establish and maintain" https://web.archive.org/web/20190210223936/https://safety.army.mil/ON-DUTY/Range-and-Weapons-Safety-Toolbox]

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