jko jt101
JKO JT101 Introduction to Joint Fundamentals (pre/post tests 1-5): joint doctrine, war and warfare, DOD organization, the Joint Chiefs and the Chairman in law, combatant commands under 10 U.S.C. 161-164, organizing the joint force, support and coordination authorities, and operational areas. Sources: JP 1 (25 Mar 2013, Change 1 12 Jul 2017), JP 3-0 (17 Jan 2017, Change 1 22 Oct 2018), 10 U.S.C. 151-164 and defense.gov. The current JP 1 Vol 1/Vol 2 and JP 3-0 Joint Campaigns and Operations are CAC-only; answers note where the rule has changed.
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01What is JP 1's place in the US joint doctrine hierarchy?
It is the capstone publication of joint doctrine. JP 1 calls itself the bridge between policy and doctrine, describing the command relationships and authority commanders can use.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“It is a bridge between policy and doctrine and describes the authorized command relationships and authority that military commanders can use”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 11 ↗02JT101 teaches JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (2013). How is JP 1 published today?
Course answer: a single JP 1 (25 March 2013, Change 1 of 12 July 2017). Current rule: JP 1 is now split into two volumes, JP 1 Volume 1, Joint Warfighting, and JP 1 Volume 2, The Joint Force, posted on the CAC-only Joint Electronic Library (JEL+).
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“A full list of joint doctrine publications may be found on JEL+. (CAC required)”
— Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Doctrine Pubs: Capstone Series page (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗03JT101 teaches from JP 3-0, Joint Operations (2017). What is the current JP 3-0 called?
Course answer: JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, Change 1 of 22 October 2018). Current rule: the publication is now titled JP 3-0, Joint Campaigns and Operations, and it provides fundamental principles and guidance for joint campaigns and operations.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“This publication provides fundamental principles and guidance for joint campaigns and operations.”
— Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Doctrine Pubs: 3-0 Operations Series page (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗04What is the purpose of joint doctrine?
To make joint forces more effective in operations by giving them fundamental principles that guide US forces toward a common objective. JP 1 states this as the reason joint doctrine exists.
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“The purpose of joint doctrine is to enhance the operational effectiveness of joint forces by providing fundamental principles that guide the employment of US military forces toward a common objective”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 11 ↗05What does 'jointness' imply, according to JP 1?
Cross-Service combination in which the joint force is synergistic, so the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. JP 1 describes the joint force's capability in exactly those terms.
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“Jointness implies cross-Service combination wherein the capability of the joint force is understood to be synergistic, with the sum greater than its parts”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 11 ↗06How does JP 1 define war?
War is socially sanctioned violence to achieve a political purpose. That is JP 1's own one-line definition.
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“War is socially sanctioned violence to achieve a political purpose”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 11 ↗07What are the nine principles of war listed in JP 1?
Objective, offensive, mass, economy of force, maneuver, unity of command, security, surprise, and simplicity. JP 1 says war has historically involved these nine, known together as the principles of war.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“War historically involves nine principles, collectively and classically known as the principles of war (objective, offensive, mass, economy of force, maneuver, unity of command, security, surprise, and simplicity)”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 11 ↗08What are the two basic forms of warfare the US military recognizes?
Traditional warfare and irregular warfare. JP 1 names these as the two basic forms.
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“military recognizes two basic forms of warfare — traditional and irregular”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 12 ↗09How does JP 1 characterize traditional warfare?
As a violent struggle for domination between nation-states, or between coalitions and alliances of nation-states. That is JP 1's description of the traditional form.
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“Traditional warfare is characterized as a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 12 ↗10How does JP 1 characterize irregular warfare (IW)?
As a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population. The contest is for the population, not for territory or forces alone.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“IW is characterized as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s)”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 12 ↗11In joint doctrine, what is a campaign?
A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space. JP 1 uses this definition.
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“A campaign is a series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 12 ↗12What is the difference between a task and a function in JP 1?
A task is a clearly defined action assigned to a person or organization. A function is the broad, lasting role an organization is designed, equipped, and trained for.
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“A function is the broad, general, and enduring role for which an organization is designed, equipped, and trained”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 37 ↗13What is the difference between roles and functions of the Services and combatant commands?
Roles are the broad, lasting purposes for which the Services and combatant commands were established in law. Functions are the specific duties, responsibilities, missions, or tasks assigned to a person, office, or organization.
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“Functions are the appropriate assigned duties, responsibilities, missions, or tasks of an individual, office, or organization”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 59 ↗14According to JP 1, how many joint functions are there, and which one did Change 1 (2017) add?
Course answer (JP 1 Change 1, 2017): seven. They are command and control, intelligence, fires, movement and maneuver, protection, sustainment, and information. Change 1 added information as the seventh. Material written before 2017 lists only the first six. The current JP 1 volumes are CAC-only and were not checked.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“Establishes information as the seventh joint function. (Change 1)”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 5 ↗15According to JP 1, how does joint operation planning connect strategy to action?
It links and transforms national strategic objectives into tactical actions. JP 1 describes joint operation planning as the way the military does this.
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“Joint operation planning is the way the military links and transforms national strategic objectives into tactical actions”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 14 ↗16What is DOD policy on the law of war?
US forces will follow the law of war, also called the law of armed conflict, in all military operations. JP 1 states this as DOD policy.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“It is DOD policy that the Armed Forces of the United States will adhere to the law of war, often called the law of armed conflict, during all military operations”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 14 ↗17Who signs the National Defense Strategy (NDS), and what does it do?
The Secretary of Defense signs it. It outlines DOD's approach to carrying out the President's National Security Strategy.
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“The national defense strategy (NDS), signed by Secretary of Defense (SecDef), outlines DOD's approach to implementing the President's NSS”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 15 ↗18For purposes other than operational direction of the combatant commands, how does the chain of command run?
From the President to the Secretary of Defense to the Secretaries of the Military Departments. This is the administrative branch, separate from the operational chain to the combatant commanders.
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“For purposes other than the operational direction of the CCMDs, the chain of command runs from the President to SecDef to the Secretaries of the Military Departments”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 16 ↗19Through whom do the Secretaries of the Military Departments exercise administrative control (ADCON) over Service-retained forces?
Through their Service Chiefs. JP 1 also states that Service Chiefs have ADCON over all forces of their Service.
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“They fulfill their responsibilities by exercising ADCON through the Service Chiefs. Service Chiefs have ADCON for all forces of their Service.”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 16 ↗20What is administrative control (ADCON)?
Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations for administration and support. It covers the administrative and support side, not operational command.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“ADCON is the direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations with respect to administration and support”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 24 ↗21Who has overall responsibility for the joint interoperability program?
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commanders must identify interoperability issues to the Chairman.
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“CCDRs will ensure maximum interoperability and identify interoperability issues to the CJCS, who has overall responsibility for the joint interoperability program”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 17 ↗22Under what title is the Coast Guard assigned to DHS, and how does the Posse Comitatus Act apply to it?
Title 14 assigns it to the Department of Homeland Security for homeland security. It is the only military Service not limited by the Posse Comitatus Act or DOD's extension of it.
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“It is the only military Service not constrained by the Posse Comitatus Act or its extension by DOD directive”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 57 ↗23Who are the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff?
Course answer (JP 1, 2013): the CJCS; the Vice Chairman; the Army Chief of Staff; the Chief of Naval Operations; the Air Force Chief of Staff; the Commandant of the Marine Corps; and the Chief, National Guard Bureau. Current rule: 10 U.S.C. 151 also adds the Chief of Space Operations as a member.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“(7) The Chief of the National Guard Bureau. (8) The Chief of Space Operations.”
— 10 U.S.C. 151, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗24Can a member of the Joint Chiefs give advice that disagrees with the Chairman's?
Yes. Any member may give the Chairman advice that disagrees with his or adds to it. The Chairman must present that member's advice at the same time he gives his own.
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“If a member submits such advice or opinion, the Chairman shall present the advice or opinion of such member at the same time he presents his own advice”
— 10 U.S.C. 151, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗25May a member of the Joint Chiefs make recommendations directly to Congress?
Yes, after first informing the Secretary of Defense. 10 U.S.C. 151 lets a member make the recommendations about DOD that he considers appropriate.
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“After first informing the Secretary of Defense, a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff may make such recommendations to Congress relating to the Department of Defense as he considers appropriate”
— 10 U.S.C. 151, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗26How long is the Chairman's term, and when does it begin?
Four years, serving at the pleasure of the President, starting October 1 of an odd-numbered year. The President may extend the combined service as Chairman and Vice Chairman to eight years.
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“The President may extend to eight years the combined period of service of an officer as Chairman and Vice Chairman”
— 10 U.S.C. 152, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗27What prior service does 10 U.S.C. 152 require before an officer can be appointed Chairman?
Service as Vice Chairman, as a Service Chief (including the Chief of Space Operations), or as a unified or specified combatant commander. The President may waive this if it is necessary in the national interest.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“The President may appoint an officer as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff only if the officer has served as— (A) the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; (B) the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, or the Chief of Space Operations; or (C) the commander of a unified or specified combatant command”
— 10 U.S.C. 152, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗28The Chairman outranks every other officer. Does he command the Joint Chiefs or the armed forces?
No. The Chairman holds the grade of general or admiral and outranks all other officers, but he may not exercise military command over the Joint Chiefs or any of the armed forces.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“holds the grade of general or, in the case of the Navy, admiral, and outranks all other officers of the armed forces. However, he may not exercise military command over the Joint Chiefs of Staff or any of the armed forces”
— 10 U.S.C. 152, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗29If the Secretary of Defense assigns the Chairman to oversee combatant command activities, does the Chairman gain command authority?
No. 10 U.S.C. 163 says that such an assignment gives the Chairman no command authority.
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“Such assignment by the Secretary to the Chairman does not confer any command authority on the Chairman”
— 10 U.S.C. 163, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗30Who serves as spokesman for the combatant commanders, especially on their operational requirements?
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 10 U.S.C. 163 gives the Chairman this role.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff serves as the spokesman for the commanders of the combatant commands, especially on the operational requirements of their commands”
— 10 U.S.C. 163, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗31What is the difference between a unified and a specified combatant command?
Both have broad, continuing missions. A unified command is made up of forces from two or more military departments. A specified command is normally made up of forces from a single military department.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“means a military command which has broad, continuing missions and which is normally composed of forces from a single military department”
— 10 U.S.C. 161, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗32How often must the Chairman review the missions and force structure of each combatant command?
At least every two years. The review covers missions, responsibilities (including geographic boundaries), and force structure.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“review the missions, responsibilities (including geographic boundaries), and force structure of each combatant command”
— 10 U.S.C. 161, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗33After the President establishes a new combatant command, how long does he have to notify Congress?
No more than 60 days, except during hostilities or an imminent threat of hostilities. 10 U.S.C. 161 sets this notice requirement.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“Except during time of hostilities or imminent threat of hostilities, the President shall— (A) not more than 60 days after establishing a new combatant command — (i) notify Congress of the establishment of such command”
— 10 U.S.C. 161, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗34Who assigns forces to the combatant commands, and what happens to forces not assigned?
The Secretaries of the military departments assign forces to the combatant commands and to the US element of NORAD, as the Secretary of Defense directs. Forces not assigned stay with their military department.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“A force not assigned to a combatant command or to the United States element of the North American Aerospace Defense Command under paragraph (1) shall remain assigned to the military department concerned”
— 10 U.S.C. 162, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗35What qualifications does 10 U.S.C. 164 require before an officer can be assigned as a combatant commander?
The officer must have the joint specialty and a full tour in a joint duty assignment as a general or flag officer. The President may waive this in the national interest.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“has completed a full tour of duty in a joint duty assignment (as defined in section 664(d) of this title) as a general or flag officer”
— 10 U.S.C. 164, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗36What are the primary duties of a combatant commander under 10 U.S.C. 164?
To produce plans for employing the armed forces to carry out national defense strategies and meet major contingencies, to act as needed to deter conflict, and to command US forces as directed by SecDef and approved by the President.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“To command United States armed forces as directed by the Secretary and approved by the President”
— 10 U.S.C. 164, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗37Who prescribes the chain of command inside a combatant command?
The combatant commander. 10 U.S.C. 164 gives the commander this function, and JP 1 says CCDRs also designate the command authority their subordinate commanders exercise.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“CCDRs prescribe the chain of command within their CCMDs and designate the appropriate command authority to be exercised by subordinate commanders”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 16 ↗38Can a combatant commander convene courts-martial?
Yes. Convening courts-martial is among the command functions 10 U.S.C. 164 gives a combatant commander.
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“(G) exercising the authority with respect to selecting subordinate commanders, selecting combatant command staff, suspending subordinates, and convening courts-martial”
— 10 U.S.C. 164, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗39What must a combatant commander do if he considers his authority over assigned forces insufficient to command effectively?
Promptly inform the Secretary of Defense. 10 U.S.C. 164 requires this.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“If a commander of a combatant command at any time considers his authority, direction, or control with respect to any of the commands or forces assigned to the command to be insufficient to command effectively, the commander shall promptly inform the Secretary of Defense”
— 10 U.S.C. 164, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗40Can a combatant commander remove an officer assigned to the command?
Yes. The commander may suspend the officer from duty and recommend that the officer be reassigned. 10 U.S.C. 164 grants this power.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“the commander of a combatant command may suspend from duty and recommend the reassignment of any officer assigned to such combatant command”
— 10 U.S.C. 164, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗41How must key positions on a combatant command staff be filled?
By officers from each armed force that has significant forces assigned to the command. 10 U.S.C. 164 requires this mix.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“Positions of responsibility on the combatant command staff shall be filled by officers from each of the armed forces having significant forces assigned to the command”
— 10 U.S.C. 164, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗42What special rule applies to the deputy commanders of the combatant command whose area includes the United States?
At least one deputy commander must be a qualified reserve component officer. 10 U.S.C. 164 sets this for the command whose geographic area includes the United States.
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“a qualified officer of a reserve component who is eligible for promotion to the grade of lieutenant general or, in the case of the Navy, vice admiral”
— 10 U.S.C. 164, Cornell LII (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗43Why is USSOCOM described as unique among the combatant commands?
Because it performs certain Service-like functions. JP 1 notes this, and JP 3-0 adds that the USSOCOM commander has combatant command of all special operations forces.
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“Commander, United States Special Operations Command, exercises combatant command (command authority) of all special operations forces (SOF)”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 18 ↗44Which two roles does JP 1 assign USTRANSCOM?
Mobility joint force provider and Distribution Process Owner. JP 1 lists both among USTRANSCOM's responsibilities.
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“The Commander, US Transportation Command, is an FCC who is responsible to: Provide common-user and commercial air, land, and maritime transportation, terminal management, and aerial refueling to support global deployment, employment, sustainment, and redeployment of US forces; Serve as the mobility joint force provider; Provide DOD global patient movement, in coordination with GCCs, through the Defense Transportation Network; and, Serve as the Distribution Process Owner.”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 20 ↗45Which combatant commander has primary responsibility for supporting the national objective of strategic deterrence?
The Commander, USSTRATCOM. JP 1 lists this among USSTRATCOM's responsibilities.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“Maintain primary responsibility among CCDRs to support the national objective of strategic deterrence”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 19 ↗46Which combatant command deters and defeats threats to the United States and supports civil authorities?
US Northern Command. The defense.gov page says it deters, detects, and defeats threats to the US, cooperates with allies and partners, and supports civil authorities.
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“U.S. Northern Command deters, detects and defeats threats to the United States, conducts security cooperation activities with allies and partners, and supports civil authorities.”
— defense.gov, Combatant Commands page (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗47Which combatant command works with NATO on security in Europe and parts of the Middle East and Eurasia?
US European Command. The defense.gov page describes EUCOM's mission in these terms.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“U.S. European Command works with NATO and partner nations to address security and defense in Europe and parts of the Middle East and Eurasia.”
— defense.gov, Combatant Commands page (retrieved 2026-09-24) ↗48Who may establish subordinate unified (subunified) commands?
Commanders of unified combatant commands, when SecDef authorizes it through the CJCS. They are set up to conduct operations on a continuing basis.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“subordinate unified commands (also called subunified commands) to conduct operations on a continuing basis”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 21 ↗49Who establishes a specified combatant command?
The President, through the Secretary of Defense, with the Chairman's advice and assistance. JP 1 says a specified command has broad continuing missions.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“A specified CCMD is a command that has broad continuing missions and is established by the President, through SecDef, with the advice and assistance of the CJCS”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 21 ↗50What makes up a Service component command?
The Service component commander and the Service forces assigned to the combatant commander. JP 1 defines the Service component command this way.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“A Service component command, assigned to a CCDR, consists of the Service component commander and the Service forces”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 22 ↗51Why might a joint force commander establish a functional component command?
To integrate planning and reduce the commander's span of control. JP 1 gives these as reasons.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“JFCs may decide to establish a functional component command to integrate planning; reduce their span of control”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 22 ↗52What four principles should guide a joint force commander in organizing forces?
Simplicity, span of control, unit integrity, and interoperability. JP 1 lists these four.
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“The JFC should be guided in this effort by the following principles: simplicity, span of control, unit integrity, and interoperability”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 25 ↗53Who is responsible for discipline in a joint organization, and how are single-Service matters handled?
The joint force commander is responsible for the discipline of personnel in the joint organization. Matters that involve only one Service should go to that Service component commander under Service regulations.
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“Matters that involve only one Service should be handled by the Service component commander, subject to Service regulations”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 22 ↗54Can a commander delegate responsibility for a mission along with the authority to do it?
No. A commander may delegate authority but cannot give away responsibility for accomplishing the mission.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“Although commanders may delegate authority to accomplish missions, they may not absolve themselves of the responsibility for the attainment of these missions”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 22 ↗55What are the four categories of support in a support relationship?
General support, mutual support, direct support, and close support. For example, JP 1 says land forces providing fires are normally tasked in direct support.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“For example, land forces that provide fires normally are tasked in a direct support role”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 121 ↗56Is support a command authority, and how does JP 1 describe it?
Yes, support is a command authority. JP 1 calls the support relationship somewhat vague by design, but very flexible.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“The support command relationship is, by design, a somewhat vague but very flexible arrangement”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 23 ↗57What is coordinating authority?
Authority delegated to coordinate specific functions involving forces of two or more Military Departments, joint force components, or forces of the same Service. JP 1 defines it this way.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“Coordinating authority is the authority delegated to a commander or individual for coordinating specific functions and activities involving forces of two or more Military Departments, two or more joint force components, or two or more forces of the same Service”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 24 ↗58What is direct liaison authorized (DIRLAUTH), and is it a command authority?
It lets a subordinate consult or coordinate directly with a command or agency inside or outside the granting command. It is a coordination relationship, not a command authority, and the granting commander must be kept informed.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“DIRLAUTH is a coordination relationship, not an authority through which command may be exercised”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 125 ↗59Who commands National Guard forces normally, and who commands them when mobilized under Title 10?
Normally their state governors, in Title 32 or state active duty status. When mobilized under Title 10, SecDef assigns command of them to the combatant commands.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“When mobilized under Title 10, USC, authority, command of National Guard and Reserve forces (except those forces specifically exempted) is assigned by SecDef to the CCMDs”
— JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (25 March 2013, incorporating Change 1, 12 July 2017), p. 25 ↗60Which operational areas are assigned in the Unified Command Plan, and which are designated by commanders?
Areas of responsibility (AORs) are assigned in the UCP. GCCs and other joint force commanders designate smaller operational areas, such as a joint operations area or area of operations, on a temporary basis.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“An AOR is an area established by the UCP that defines geographic responsibilities for a GCC”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 18 ↗61When is a theater of war established?
Primarily when there is a formal declaration of war. JP 3-0 also allows one to be established to bring more than one theater of operations under a single boundary.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“A theater of war is established primarily when there is a formal declaration of war”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 18 ↗62What is a theater of operations?
An operational area defined by the geographic combatant commander to conduct or support specific military operations. It is usually tied to major operations and campaigns and may cross the boundary of two AORs.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“Theaters of operations are normally associated with major operations and campaigns and may cross the boundary of two AORs”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 115 ↗63What is a joint special operations area (JSOA), and who is the supported commander in it?
An area of land, sea, and airspace that a joint force commander assigns to the special operations forces commander for special operations. The JFSOCC is the supported commander within it.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“JFCs may use a JSOA to delineate and facilitate simultaneous conventional and special operations. The JFSOCC is the supported commander within the JSOA.”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 115 ↗64What is an amphibious objective area (AOA)?
A geographic area containing the objectives the amphibious force must secure. JP 3-0 defines it this way.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“The AOA is a geographic area within which is located the objective(s) to be secured by the amphibious force”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 116 ↗65For which forces may a joint force commander define areas of operations (AOs)?
Land and maritime forces. JP 3-0 says JFCs may define AOs for them.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“JFCs may define AOs for land and maritime forces. AOs do not typically encompass the entire OA of the JFC but should be large enough for component commanders to accomplish their missions”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 116 ↗66What is the difference between contiguous and noncontiguous operational areas?
Contiguous areas are separated by a boundary. Noncontiguous subordinate areas share no boundary, and the higher headquarters keeps responsibility for the unassigned space between them.
VERIFIED AGAINST THE SOURCE
“The higher HQ retains responsibility for the unassigned portion of its OA”
— JP 3-0, Joint Operations (17 January 2017, incorporating Change 1, 22 October 2018), p. 116 ↗Know questions we're missing?
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