Which Of The Following Are Considered Bloodborne Pathogens

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.

Laundry which has been soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps.

Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including, but not limited to, needles, scalpels, broken glass, broken capillary tubes and exposed ends of dental wires.

The use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy blood borne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling use , or disposal.

Controls that isolate or remove the blood borne pathogens hazard from the workplace (e.g., sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, safer medical devices, such as shares with engineered sharps injury protections and needless systems)

Specific eyes, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee's duties.

A facility providing an adequate supply of running potable water, soap and single use towels or hot air drying machines.

Hepatitis B Virus

-Attacks body's ability to protects itself against disease and causes AIDS -1.1 Million people in the US are living with HIV/AIDS. Approximately 50,000 people become infected with HIV each year. About 14,000 people every year die from AIDS

Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parental contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties

1. Bodily fluids - semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids 2. Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a human (living or dead) 3. HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, organ cultures, and HIV - or HBV- contains culture medium or other solutions, and blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV.

Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier though such events as needle sticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions.

Put on: 1. Gown 2. Mask 3. Goggles 4. Gloves Take off: 1. Gloves 2. Goggles 3. Gown 4. Mask

Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious materials; contaminated items that would release blood or other potentially infectious material in a liquid or semi-liquid state if compressed; items that are caked with dried blood or other potentially infectious materials and are capable of releasing these materials during handling; contaminated sharps; and pathological and micro-biological wastes containing blood or other potentially infectious materials.

The use of physical or chemical procedure to destroy ALL microbial life including highly resistant bacterial endospores.

An approach to infection control. According to the concepts of Universal Precautions, all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens

Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed. (e.g., prohibiting recapping of needles by a two-handed technique)

As of June 1994, there were 401, 749 confirmed cases of AIDS in the U.S., and approximately 300,000 people become infected with hepatitis B annually. It is estimated that a further 1.5 million people in the U.S. are infected with HIV, and that most are between the ages of 25 and 49 and are active members of the workforce.

For disease to be spread it requires that all the following conditions be present: - An adequate number of pathogens, or disease causing organisms -A reservoir or source that allows the pathogen to survive and multiply (e.g. blood) -A mode of transmission from he source to the host -An entrance through which the pathogen may enter the host. -A susceptible host (who is not immune)

Prevent disease transmission by interrupting one or more link in the chain of infection

-An accidental puncture by a sharp object contaminated with the pathogen. "Sharps" include objects such as: o Needles o Scalpels o Broken glass o Razor blades -Open cuts or skin abrasions coming in contact with contaminated blood or body fluids -Sexual contact -Indirect transmission (a person touches dried or caked blood and then touches eyes, mouth, nose, or an open cut) (HBV only)

-Touching an infected person by using the same equipments, materials, toilets, water fountains, showers, -Coughing and sneezing

Occurs when micro-organisms are transferred from one infected person directly to another person. For example, infected blood from one person enters a care giver's body through an open cut.

Involves the transfer of an infectious agent through contaminated object or person. For example, a caregiver doesn't was hands in between caring for someone with infected body fluids and other patients. For Example, parenteral contact with a needle stick

Occurs when droplets or small particles contain infectious agents that remain effective over time and distance in the air. Tuberculosis is commonly spread through this type of transmission. Bloodborne pathogens are typically not spread this way.

-Fever -Fatigue -Weight loss -Rash only blood test can determine the infection

Fragile, Seconds

Primarily spread by sexual contact with an infected person or by sharing needles and/or syringes. Babies may become infected before/during birth or through breast-feeding.

1%

Reproduces in the liver causing inflammation and possible cirrhosis or liver cancer

1.5 million

70,000

5,000

1982

-Jaundice -Yellowing eyes -Tiredness -Loss of appetite -Nausea -Dark urine -Clay colored bowel movements -Joint pain -Abdominal discomfort

7 days

-90% -10%

-Sexual Contact -Sharing needles/syringes -Sharps exposures on job -Infected mother to baby

-Given in 3 doses over a period of 6 months -Booster not recommended -Must be offered free to employees who face occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens -If employee does not want vaccine, a vaccine declination must be signed

Reproduces in the liver causing inflammation and possibly cirrhosis or liver cancer. Disease can incubate for decades

-4.1 Million -26,000 -8,000-10,000

-80% -20%

Parenteral contact: -Illegal injection drug use -Transfusion or transplant from infected donor -Tattoos can be spread through -birth to HCV-infected mother -multiple sex partners