Dr Messer Comptia

harddrive size : 2.5 inch SSD vs 3.5 inch in a desktop

-All memory, no moving parts -Silent, fast access time, less latency -Better performance -2.5 inch & 1.8 inch form factors

Flash memory and hard drive storage SSD caches the hard drive data

Traditional spinning drive

- All internal - open a cover on the back - open the entire laptop - can be very modular - two screws and the drive slides out

-Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SO-DIMM) -Micro-Dual In-line Memory Module (Micro-DIMM) -Almost exclusively used in laptops and mobile devices -Also available in SFF desktops

• Integrated card reader; high security enviroments • Built into the laptop • External reader • USB connected

Too large for today's portable devices - Becoming difficult to find Often removable - Replace with other media Read and write CD-RW/CD-ROM and DVD-RW/DVD-ROM - In a portable device

- often built into the processor - not upgradeable - separate chip on motherboard - SOME laptops have upgradeable video cards - not the slimline models

LCD ; liquid crystal display light and high resolution very fragile

- fixed - changes to native resolution may look blurry or not as crisp

• Auto-switching or fixed input • Converts AC to DC • Input voltage - 110 volts / 220 volts • DC jack on the laptop • Specific to the power supply type

• Lithium Ion (Li-ion) • Common in consumer electronics • No "memory effect" • Charging the battery diminishes capacity - different form factor for each laptop

• Plastic • Lightweight, mobile • Durable, difficult to break • Inexpensive, cost-effective • Metal • More durable than plastic • Can be more difficult to repair

- self contained - portable audio - not the highest quality - very small - often stereo L/R - may include a subwoofer

• Proprietary • Built to fit • Replacement isn't easy • Swap the entire board • Most components are on the system board

- designed for mobility - power management - little power as possible - little heat as possible - difficult to cool small laptop form factor integrated features : - memory controller - video controller not very upgradeable - replaceable but not upgradeable often slower than desktops - size and heat are disadvantages

Light shines through liquid crystals Advantages: Lightweight, low power, inexpensive Disadvantages: Black levels are challenged, requires separate backlight (Florescent LCD, Difficult to replace)

- organic compounds emit light when receiving an electric current - thinner & lighter - flexible and mobile - no glass needed - no backlight - organic compound provides the light - not quite ready for laptops - organic compound degrades over time - decayed images can remain on the screen - more costly and power hungry than LCD

inside the screen Multiple antennas - WiFi main and aux - Bluetooth - cellular connections Antenna wires wrap around the laptop screen - It's up high

• Video capture - Built-in camera and microphone • Usually includes both audio and video • Specialized drivers and software

• Built-in to the laptop - Useful for video calls • Not good for non-casual use • Analog or USB microphones can help

LED backlight display - LCD - backlight LEDs instead of florescent - LEDs around the edge of the screen - An array of LEDs behind the screen - the latest laptops are LED- backlight

Fluorescent vs. LED Backlighting: -_________ (Higher voltage & power needed) (Added thickness to the display) (No longer a common backlight) (Older laptops will use these)

• LCD displays need a backlight • Florescent lamp to LCD display to your eyes • Some laptops have inverters - Turn DC into AC ( CCFL) • Verify backlight - Look closely - use flashlight • May need to replace the LCD inverter or display • Choose carefully

Use a pen-like device as input - Stylus input - Useful for graphical input Becoming more common on laptop/tablets - Or hybrid devices

• Merge laptop and tablet input • No keyboard required, but often still available • Many options for input - Use the best one for the job

• Toggle Fn keys • Secondary functions • Toggle between LCD / external monitor / both • LCD switch • The "refrigerator door" effect • Physical switch on older systems • Internal magnetic switch on newer portable systems • Set functionality in the BIOS or utility

Physical switch to enable/disable wireless airplane mode, secure areas look for a status light - function key - may include 802.11 Bluetooth and cellular

• Another function key • May be a standalone key • Often includes a mute option • Physical dial or button • May see visual feedback

• Control the backlight • Secondary function keys • More light, more power • Conserve your battery

• An option on many laptops • See in the dark • Secondary function control • Intensity • Duration • Disable

enable & disable - avoid inadvertent mouse clicks & movements

• Rotate the screen • Useful on rotating tablet / laptops • Landscape to portrait

different across manufactures

• Control audio / video from your keyboard • Play, stop, rewind, fast forward - no mouse clicking

listen for GPS signals disable the radio may also be associated with airplane mode or other wireless settings requires view of the sky over the air wireless network

• Use external keyboard and mouse • Extend existing laptop interfaces • Add additional functionality • Desktop adapter cards • Avoid cable issues

• Similar to a docking station • Does not have an expansion card option

•Keep your laptop from walking away •Connect to a solid object

• Combine a laptop keyboard with a tablet screen • May include a stylus for input iOs, android larger than 7 inch diagonally

3.5 inch to 6 inch diagonally media viewer

Computing devices that are worn on various parts of the body.

A computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world

the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it

handheld devices for reading digital publications - electronic paper instead of LCD screen

• EU standardized on Micro-USB • Common now worldwide • Older devices may use Mini-USB • Slightly larger

-The newest, and most versatile, type of USB connector. -24-pin double sided USB Connector (used for both hosts and devices) - acts as a Usb 3.1/ USB 2.0 connection only interface is different - includes analog audio option

-Apple proprietary -8-pin digital signals (iPhone, iPad, iPod devices) -Some advantages over Micro-USB --Higher power output for phones and tablets --Can be inserted either way --Simpler design, a bit more durable than traditional USB cable

Transforms a smartphone or Internet-capable tablet into a portable communications device that shares its Internet access with other computers and devices wirelessly/ usb to connect

802.11 hotspot turn your phone into a wifi hotspot personal wireless router extend cellular data network to all your devices

• Early mobile technology was all about cables • One cable for power • A completely different cable for data • Every manufacturer was different - Intentionally • The EU changed things • Common external power supply for all data-enabled mobile phones sold in the European Union

• Send small amounts of data wirelessly over a limited area • Built into your phone • Payment systems, transportation, in-person information exchange • Access token, identity "card" • Short range with encryption support

Wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances between cell phones, computers, and other devices - highspeed communication over short distances

- Android - included on many smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches - not really used for file transfers and printing - entertainment

• Hands-free audio - Earphones and microphone • Wired • Connects to TRRS connector (Tip-Ring-Ring-Sleeve) • Wireless - Bluetooth headsets

- mobile audio - battery powered - wireless connection - stereo sound ; small connection

• Gaming console feel - Mobile phone or tablet • Connect with Bluetooth - Wireless connectivity

• Power is key - And in short supply • Swappable battery pack • Carry an extra or two • External USB chargers • Phones and tablets • And any other USB devices

• Screen protector • Avoid scratches • May be difficult to install • Device protector • Wrap the entire device • Waterproofing options are available • Can create problems for docking stations

A stand alone device, or a peripheral for a mobile device that accepts and transfers credit card data - connects to audio/mic TRRS jack, lightning connector or bluetooth. - uses internet link NFC connection

• Increase storage capacity of smartphone or tablet • Common on Android devices • Not available on iOS devices • MicroSD cards • Small form factor, with increasing capacities

older/larger device small form factor almost too small increasing capacity

• Your phone has an Internet connection • Use your mobile provider network • Take advantage of this connectivity • Hotspot • Turn your phone into a WiFi Router • You may have to pay extra phone charges • Other devices connect to your phone via WiFi

• One button turns off all radios • Cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth, NFC • You can re-enable features without enabling cellular features • Useful when the airplane has WiFi

enable and disable cellular wifi, and bluetooth independtly - airplanes, conserve battery - in IOS settings or control settings - in Android , settings/wireless and network settings

A network interface for your radio isn't wifi or bluetooth updated OTA (over the air) has its own firmware and memory

• PRL updates • Preferred Roaming List • CDMA networks (i.e., Verizon, Sprint) • Allows your phone to connect to the right tower • Can be updated over the air (OTA) • PRI updates • Product Release Instructions • Radio settings - ID numbers, network codes, country codes, etc. • Also updated over the air

• Product Release Instructions • Radio settings - ID numbers, network codes, country codes, etc. • Also updated over the air

-Identifies a physical mobile device -Every phone has a different IMEI -Can be used by carrier to allow or disallow access

• Identifies the user of a mobile network • Can be provisioned in the SIM card • Swap the SIM to move between phones

secure information integrated into the phone OS no additional software - additonal setup detailed configuration settings

POP3 and IMAP

SMTP

Microsoft Exchange

iCloud, Google, Exchange Online, Yahoo

Post Office Protocol version 3 - used for downloading mail to local mail client downloads and optionally deletes from server - needs name of POP3 Server - username and password

defined by your mail provider POP3: tcp/110 SSL ( secure socket layer) settings in POP3 tcp/995

access mail on a central server mail is usually stored on the server supports folders and server side searching configuration: name of IMAP server username and passowrd

defined by your mail provider IMAP : tcp/143 without any type of security SSL settings IMAPS : tcp/993

A communications protocol that enables sending email from a client to a server or between servers. tcp/25 IMAP, POP3

no authentication : tcp/25 with authentication : tcp/587

A server application that can handle email, contacts, and calendars and is a popular application used by large corporations for employee email, contacts, and calendars. integrated message encryption

-Not restricted to one device (many different devices) -Access anything from anywhere (complete mobility) -Many different types of data is synced (email, calendar, apps, etc.) -All devices must be synced (invisible to the end-user) -The client and server must authenticate with each other (mutual authentication)

• Contacts • Applications • Email • Pictures, music, video • Calendar • Bookmarks • Documents • Location data • Social media data • eBooks • Passwords

• Completely hands-off • No physical cables, no local files • May be integrated into your • Exchange or Gmail • Choose provider network and/or Wi-Fi • Apple iOS • Sync all data types to iCloud • Complete backup and recovery • Android • Configure your Google account

application requirements OS & disk space

relatively minimal

enough to store backups, video, pictures

apple Itunes, syncs everything in the phone creates full backups on the computer

syncs online with google use third party apps like double twist to transfer movies and music

connect to your automobile over Bluetooth or wired cable extends the phone functionally into the vehicle displays map, control phone calls,

synchronizes contact info and other details could be a security issue in a rental car or shared device

iOS: -USB - Proprietary 30-pin 8-pin Lightning -USB-C -802.11 wireless -Mobile Network Android: -USB Micro-B -USB-C -802.11 wireless -Mobile Network

A series of moving vans efficiently move large amounts of data Network is the road the truck is the Internet Protocol Boxes hold your data inside the boxes are more things application information

-Transported inside of IP (encapsulated by the IP Protocol) -Two ways to move data (different features for different applications) -Referred to OSI Layer 4 (Transport Layer) -Multiplexing allows you to use many different applications at the same time

A connection-oriented, guaranteed-delivery protocol used to send data packets between computers over a network like the Internet. flow control the receiver can manage how much data is sent

A connectionless Transport-layer protocol that is one of the protocols in the Internet protocol suite, and is used with IP. It is also known as the Universal Datagram Protocol. no flow control, sender determines the amount of data transmited

The IP delivery truck delivers from on IP address to another IP address

boxes arrive at the house, where do boxes go? each box has a room name

drop the box into the right room

• IPv4 sockets - Server IP address, protocol, server application port number • Client IP address, protocol, client port number • Non-ephemeral ports - permanent port numbers • Ports 0 through 1,023 • Usually on a server or service • Ephemeral ports - temporary port numbers • Ports 1,024 through 65,535 • Determined in real-time by the client

• TCP and UDP ports can be any number between 0 and 65,535 • Most servers (services) use non-ephemeral (not-temporary) port numbers • This isn't always the case - it's just a number. • Port numbers are for communication, not security • Service port numbers need to be "well known" • TCP port numbers aren't the same as UDP port numbers

*Web server - tcp/80 *VoIP server - udp/5004 *Email server - tcp/143

tcp/20 (active mode data), tcp/21 (control) - transfer files between systems with authentication, with a username and password

• Encrypted communication link - tcp/22 • Looks and acts the same as Telnet

tcp/23 login to devices remotely console access in the clear communication not the best choice for production system

• Converts names to IP addresses - udp/53 • www.professormesser.com = 162.159.246.164 • These are very critical resources • Usually multiple DNS servers are in production

communication in the browser and by other applications tcp/80 in the clear / encrypted supported by nearly all web servers and clients

An encrypted version of HTTP. It uses port 443.

• Receive emails from an email server • Authenticate and transfer • POP3 - Post office Protocol version 3 - tcp/110 • Basic mail transfer functionality • IMAP4 • Internet Message Access Protocol v4 - tcp/143 • Includes management of email inbox from multiple clients

• Share a desktop from a remote location over tcp/3389 • Remote Desktop Services on many Windows versions • Can connect to an entire desktop or just an application • Clients for Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix, iPhone, Android, and others

• Protocol used by Microsoft Windows • File sharing, printer sharing • Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System) • Direct over tcp/445 (NetBIOS-less) • Direct SMB communication over TCP without the NetBIOS transport

udp/137 NetBIOS name services (nbname) udp/138 NetBIOS datagram services (nbdatagram) tcp/139 NetBIOS session service (nbsession)

Direct SMB communication over TCP without the NetBIOS transport

• File services in macOS • tcp/548 • Works with SLP (Service Location Protocol) • tcp/427 and udp/427 • Populates the list of available devices • File management • Copy, move, delete files

• Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask and other options • udp/67, udp/68 • Requires a DHCP server • Server, appliance, integrated into a SOHO router, etc. • Dynamic / pooled • IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool • Each system is given a lease and must renew at set intervals • DHCP reservation • Addresses are assigned by MAC address in the DHCP server • Quickly manage addresses from one location

A communications protocol that defines how a client can access information, perform operations, and share directory data on a server. tcp/389

• Gather statistics from network devices • udp/161 • v1 - The original • Structured tables, in-the-clear • v2 - A good step ahead • Data type enhancements, bulk transfers • Still in-the-clear • v3 - The new standard • Message integrity, authentication, encryption