Accidental Puncture By A Sharp Object Contaminated With A Pathogen.

*Adequate # of pathogens, or disease causing organisms *Reservoir or source that allows the pathogen to survive or multiply (e.g., blood) *A mode of transmission from source -> host *An entrance through which the pathogen may enter the host *A susceptible host (i.e. one who is not immune)

When contaminated blood or body fluids enter the body of another person

*Accidental puncture by a sharp object contaminated w/pathogen aka"Sharps": -needles -scalpels -broken glass -razor blades *Open cuts or skin abrasions in contact with contaminated blood or body fluids *Sexual contact *Indirect Transmission (person touches dried/caked on blood & then touches the eye, mouth, nose or an open cut)(HBV only)

*touching an infected person *thru coughing or sneezing *using same equipment, materials, toilets, water fountains, showers

DIRECT CONTACT (when mircoorganisms are transferred from one infected person directly to another person) [ex: open cut] INDIRECT CONTACT (transfer of an infectious agent through a contaminated object or person)[ex: not washing hands btwn care] AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION (when droplets or small particles contain infectious agents that remain effective over time & distance in the air) [ex: TB]

*Bodily fluids -Cerebrospinal fluid (Brain) -Synovial fluid (joints) -Pleural fluid (Lungs) -Amniotic fluid (Uterus) -Pericardial fluid (heart) -Peritoneal fluid (Abd) -Semen -Vaginal Secretions -Blood -ANY bodily fluids containing blood -Body fluids that can't be recognized -When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, or skin abrasion

*Sexual contact

*Normal intact skin *Casual contact (handshakes, hugging, sharing food, doorknobs, sneezing, toilet seats, swimming pools, etc.)

attacks your body's ability to protect itself against disease & it causes AIDS *1.1 M in US live w/HIV/AIDS *50K become infected w/HIV each yr. *14K ppl every yr. in US die from AIDS

Blood test will determine the infection

Primarily by sexual contact w/an infected person or sharing needles/syringes Babies may become infected before/during birth or thru breastfeeding

reproduces in the liver causing inflammation & possibly cirrhosis or liver cancer.

affects 1.25M ppl in US 70K ppl/yr become infected 5K die every yr. as a result of liver failure

-yellow skin (jaundice) -yellowing eyes -tiredness -loss of appetite, nausea -dark urine -clay-colored bowel movements -joint pain -abd discomfort *100x easier to catch than HIV *Can live outside of body for at least 7 days or longer

sexual contact w/infected person, sharing needles/syringes, infected mother to baby during birth sharps exposures on the job *NOT spread thru casual contact

reproduces in the liver causing inflammation & possibly cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Illegal injection drug use Transfusion or transplant from infected donor Tattoos

*various levels of risk of employees that may have occupational exposure *Trng requirements *Work Practice controls *Engineering controls (sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, safer medical devices) *Procedure for an exposure incident

*gloves, CPR shields, masks, gowns, eye protection *know where the PPE is at your workplace *Know what PPE is avail & how to use it *Make sure first-aid kits & emergency supplies include disposable gloves & CPR face shields or rescue masks

Do NOT eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or handle contact lenses in areas where there is possibility of exposure to BBP When emptying out trash containers, DO NOT use your hands to compress the trash in bag. Lift and carry AWAY from your body. Follow your facilities procedures for handling laundry: Wear PPE Keep contaminated laundry separate from other laundry Bag potentially contaminated laundry where it is used Use leak-proof bags for wet laundry Transport in properly labeled bags

a specific mucous membrane, broken skin, or puncture contact w/blood or OPIM that results from the performance of an employee's duties

1-Decontaminate 2-Report to supervisor 3-Seek medical treatment 4-An immediate confidential medical evaluation & follow-up needs to be conducted by a physician 5-Complete forms ASAP after incident 6-Document what happened 7-Identify & test the source indiv. if feasible 8-test the exposed persons blood if consent is obtained 9-provide counseling 10-evaluate any reported illness