Study hypothesis testing for your statistics course with these practice questions and answers. This guide covers null and alternative hypotheses, p-values, significance levels, and types of errors.
Q: Parameter
Answer: A number that describes the population (μ, σ, p)
Q: Statistics
Answer: A number that describes the sample (x̅, s, p̂)
Q: Sampling variability
Answer: The value of a statistic varies in the repeated random sampling
Q: Variation in sampling variability is…
Answer: Normal and expected
Q: Sampling distribution
Answer: -The distribution of all values taken on by the statistic in all possible samples of the same size from the same population-Records all possible outcomes
Q: Calculate the sample population
Answer: p̂ = (1/n) Σ (frequency)(pi)
Q: Describing sampling distributions
Answer: 1) Overall shape2) Outliers3) Center4) Spread
Q: Overall shape
Answer: Symetric and approixmately normal
Q: Outliers
Answer: None
Q: Center
Answer: -Very close to the true p value-Want x̅ close to μ
Q: Spread
Answer: -Use standard deviation to describe its spread
Q: A statistic used to estimate a parameter is unbiased if…
Answer: The mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the true value of the parameter being estimated
Q: High bias
Answer: Far from center
Q: Low bias
Answer: Close to center
Q: High variability
Answer: Not clustered
Q: Low variability
Answer: Clustered
Q: The spread of the sampling distribution is approximately the same for any population if…
Answer: The population is at least 10 times as large
Q: Smaller spreads are produced with…
Answer: Larger samples
Q: μx̅ =
Answer: μ (sample mean)
Q: μp̂=
Answer: p (sample proportion)
Q: As n increases, the standard deviation…
Answer: Decreases
Q: As n increases, x̅
Answer: Gets closer to μ
Q: The mean of the sampling distribution is equal to the parameter
Answer: μp̂ = p
Q: The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is equal to
Answer: σp̂
Q: Rules of thumb #1 (for populations)
Answer: population > 10n
Q: Rules of thumb #2 (percent and proportions)
Answer: 1) np > 102) nq > 10
Q: The rules of thumb protect against
Answer: Skewness
Q: Steps in a problem
Answer: 1) Given2) Check for normality3) We can now assume normality4) Draw a bell curve5) P()6) Find area7) Go back and label z scores and area
Q: Z scores always have…
Answer: 2 decimal places
Q: The central limit theorem (CLT)
Answer: Draw an SRS of size n from any population with μ and σ when n is large (>25) the sampling distribution of x̅ is close to N(μ , σ/√n)
Q: s =
Answer: σ/√n (sample means) (standard deviation)
Q: The CLT allows use of normal probability calculation about sample means even when…
Answer: The population distribution is not normal (the sample will act normally)
Q: Z score formula (sample means n=1)
Answer: (x-μ)/σ
Q: Z score formula (sample means n>1)
Answer: (x̅ – μ)/(σ/√n)
Q: σp̂ = (sample proportions)
Answer: √(pq)/n)
Q: Z score of (sample proportions)
Answer: (p̂- p)/σp̂