Prepare for the Praxis 5002 Elementary Reading and Language Arts exam with this study guide. This covers phonics, phonemic awareness, reading comprehension, and literacy instruction.
Q: Role of Phonological Awareness in Literacy Development
Answer: Ability to recognize that words are made up of a variety of sound units. Ball = b / aw / l. Nursery rhymes, jingles, oral language and sound patterns help with foundation of learning these skills.
Q: Phonemes
Answer: The smallest unit of sound in speech. When they are put together they make a word. There are 44 of these in the English language. f, ff, ph = F
Q: Onset
Answer: The start of each syllable. The initial phonological unit of a word. /c/ in cat.
Q: Rime
Answer: The ending string of letters in a word.
Q: Blending
Answer: Combining sounds.
Q: Segmenting
Answer: Separating sounds.
Q: The role of Phonics in literacy development.
Answer: Promotes understanding of alphabetic principles and the relationship between phonemes and graphemes. A letter-sound relationship.
Q: Graphemes
Answer: A letter or letters that represent one phoneme. It’s the smallest meaningful unit in a writing system.
Q: Affix
Answer: An attachment to a base or root word.
Q: Prefix
Answer: Word or letters placed at the beginning of a root or base word to create a new word or alter the meaning of the root.
Q: Suffix
Answer: A morpheme added to the end of a root or base word to form a new word or alter the meaning of the root.
Q: Stages of Language Acquisition
Answer: Young children need to hear how language is separated into different parts. They must learn to recognize rhyme, match words by sound, and begin to understand syllables. Letter knowledge – giving sounds for an individual letter and writing letters in response to their individual sounds. Logographic foundation – reading familiar and common words (sight words). Alphabetic foundation – reading aloud and having the student write the letter spoken based upon the sound spoken.
Q: WIDA Taxonomy
Answer: The English language development standards. Level 1 – entering. Level 2 – Emerging. Level 3 – Developing. Level 4 – Expanding. Level 5 – Bridging.
Q: Open Syllable
Answer: Nothing comes after the vowel. “he”
Q: Closed Syllable
Answer: Vowel is followed by a consonant. “The vowel is closed in”. Examples: cap, sit, men.
Q: Structural element: Rhymes of Poetry
Answer: Rhyme – a scheme of how words are organized into patterns. “aa bb cc”. Internal Rhyme – the rhyming of words within the line. “ab ab ab”. End rhyme – the rhyming of words at the end of a line. “aaba bbcb ccdc”
Q: Rate
Answer: Speed of reading.
Q: Prosody
Answer: Reading with expression and emotion.
Q: Structural Element: Meter in Poetry
Answer: The rhythm of the poem; the accented and unaccented syllables.
Q: Structural Element: Alliteration
Answer: A repetition of the beginning consonant sound. “The green grass grows”
Q: Structural Element: Onomatopoeia
Answer: When a word sound relates to its meaning. “Buzz, hiss, woof”.
Q: Quantitative evaluation/measure of text complexity
Answer: Readability measures and other scores of text complexity.
Q: Qualitative evaluation/measure of text complexity
Answer: Levels of meaning, structure, language conventionality and clarity, and knowledge demands
Q: Reader and task
Answer: Reader variables (such as motivation, knowledge, and experiences) and task variables (such as purpose and the complexity generated by the task assigned and the questions posed)
Q: Idiom
Answer: When words are used in a special way that is different than their literal meaning.
Q: Hyperbole
Answer: is an exaggeration or overstatement that may or may not be realistic and is not meant to be taken literally.
Q: Stages of the Process of Writing
Answer: 1.) Prewriting (thesis/brainstorming). 2.) Brainstorm for ideas. 3.) Outline 4.)Writing the Essay 5.) Revise.
Q: Stages of Writing Development
Answer: 1.) picture/drawing.2.) scribbling- random collection of marks.3.) Random letters4.) Inventive Spelling – beginning letter sounds.5.) Phonetic – beginning and end sounds6.) Transitional – begin to write words the way they sound.7. ) Conventional writing – spell and punctuate correctly. write long words the way they sound/phonetically.
Q: Stages of Spelling Development
Answer: Precommunicative = scribbles. symbols are used to represent the alphabet. letter-sound does not correspond.Semiphonic =when letter sound correspondence begins to arise; single letters are used to represent words or sounds.Phonetic = when every sound heard is represented by a letter or group of letters. Vowels appear in this stage.Transitional = all letters are present, but may not be in the correct order.
Q: Steps in the Research Process
Answer: Find topicResearchDetermine which information is relevantOutlineDraft
Q: Syntactic
Answer: looking at the order and structure of words the reader can determine the meaning based upon the part of speech. Language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences
Q: Semantic
Answer: the study of the meaning of words. Helps with fluency, comprehension, and language acquisition.
Q: Phonological Awareness
Answer: Understanding that words in a text are segmented into syllables.
Q: Emergent Literacy
Answer: Refers to the language development that occurs before a child can read or write words. These skills are developed from birth and include listening speaking memory recognizing pattern and rhyme print awareness critical thinking and the development of fine motor skills.
Q: Inflection
Answer: doesn’t change the meaning of the word.
Q: Derivational Suffix
Answer: changes the meaning of a word at the end of the word.
Q: Exposition
Answer: the introduction of a story in which the reader is introduced to the setting, the tone, that characters, and initial understanding of a story.
Q: Rising Action
Answer: the series of events that builds up from the conflict ending with a climax.
Q: Falling Action
Answer: the series of events that occur after the climax which wrap up the story.
Q: Limerick
Answer: a humorous poem of five lines. Lines 1, 2 and 5 rhyme and lines 3 and 4 rhyme. The syllables are 9,9,5,5,9.
Q: ; Rules
Answer: a word that joins together words or groups of words. when, and, but, so, or, because.
Q: , rules
Answer: modifies the verb, an adjective, or another adverb.It tells how, when, where, why, how much, and how often. Sometimes ends in ly.
Q: conjunction
Answer: a word or a group of words that tells position, direction, how two ideas are related to one another. off, above, across, during, along, between, beyond, from, in, on, since, through…..
Q: adverb
Answer: a word or phrase used to show strong emotion or surprise. Usually exclamation point or comma. Whoah! Slow down! Ah, a shark!
Q: preposition
Answer: part of the sentence that discusses or adds information to the subject. Simple predicate, complete predicate and compound.
Q: interjection
Answer: a sentence with one complete thought. “My hand hurts.”
Q: predicate
Answer: a sentence with two or more simple sentences which are joined by a conjunction and/or punctuation. “I usually stretch my arms in the morning, but I forgot this morning”
Q: simple sentence
Answer: a sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. “since my arms are sore, I think I will not lift weights today”.
Q: compound sentence
Answer: A sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. “My friend Hal wants to go running, but I want to go biking when we get together on Saturday”.
Q: complex sentence
Answer: Tier I – Basic and General Vocab. Tier II – Descriptive Vocab. Tier III – Precision Vocab.
Q: compound-complex sentence
Answer: hearing, understanding, judging (form opinions and analyze).
Q: Three Tiers of Vocabulary
Answer: A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.
Q: Characteristics of Active Listening
Answer: can stand alone as a sentence because they express a complete idea of thought.
Q: Clause
Answer: cannot stand alone because they do not express a complete idea or thought.
Q: Independent Clause
Answer: Reading aloud.
Q: Dependent Clause
Answer: technical speech, a scientific report
Q: r-controlled syllable
Answer: The study of word formation in a language, including inflection, derivation, and compound formations.