Study the core conditions of counseling for your certification exam. This guide covers Carl Rogers’ core conditions: empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence (genuineness).
Q: Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)
Answer: Supreme Court decision that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision (1896); led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court ruled that “separate but equal” schools for blacks were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional. The decision energized the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.Led the way for mutlicultural approac h
Q: duty to warn and protect
Answer: Clinicians duty to warn of imminent harm to a duty to protect (Tarasoff rule)
Q: FERPA
Answer: Confidentiality of educational records
Q: Mental health planning act of 1986
Answer: Medicare/Medicaid
Q: What ethnic group has lowest rate of seeking counseling
Answer: Asian American male
Q: Men and women benefit _____ from counseling
Answer: Equally
Q: Cultures that value contributions and individual makes to the culture , not their individual successes or failures
Answer: Interdependence
Q: The just world hypothesis
Answer: ” all things happen for a reason “
Q: Attributes behaviors to personality traits , attitudes, and intelligence
Answer: Dispositional attribution
Q: Attributes behaviors to external factors and the specific position
Answer: Situational attribution
Q: Who is more likely to conform to a group
Answer: Asians
Q: The process of becoming adapted to a new of different culture
Answer: Acculturation
Q: Therapeutic surrender
Answer: When a client stops resisting the efforts of the therapist and begins to listen to what is being stated.
Q: Cross cultural counseling
Answer: makes counselors increasingly aware of cultural differences
Q: cultural context
Answer: The values, attitudes, beliefs, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in a society
Q: cultural bias
Answer: Having applied same interpretation to behavior regardless of cultural context
Q: Salad Bowl Theory
Answer: the theory that cultures mix but retain uniqueness.
Q: Counseling psychology and cultural bias
Answer: Slow to respond to cultural bias
Q: Ethnocentrism
Answer: Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group. ( client does not realize Indian living with parent at 28 is customary )
Q: Mores
Answer: fixed customs or manners; moral attitudes
Q: Connotative Error
Answer: Connotation means the emotional meaning of the wordSaying something is “bad” when you really mean it is good.
Q: Inteospective
Answer: Strongest predictor of ability is socio encommic class
Q: minority group
Answer: people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination
Q: majority group
Answer: group in society that controls most of the wealth and power, though not always the largest group in numbers
Q: Cultural Intuition
Answer: Immediate knowledge , sensation, connection , and rapport that counselor may experience when encountering clients from their own culture
Q: Historical Hostility
Answer: The memory of negative treatment or negative experience of a people’s ancestors that continues to impact them
Q: hate crime
Answer: a criminal act against a person or a person’s property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias
Q: institutional racism
Answer: patterns of discrimination based on ethnicity that have become structured into existing social institutions
Q: Cultural Racism
Answer: the cultural images and messages that affirm the assumed superiority of whites and the assumed inferiority of people of color
Q: Ethnocentrism
Answer: Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group.
Q: marginalized groups
Answer: have limited access to society’s major institutions, which negatively affects life choices and lifestyles
Q: exploitation
Answer: the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work.
Q: Cultural Insensitivity
Answer: Making generalizations assuming one is from a specific culture
Q: cultural context
Answer: The values, attitudes, beliefs, orientations, and underlying assumptions prevalent among people in a society
Q: Latino cultures think what is disrespectful
Answer: Looking someone directly in the eye
Q: General leads
Answer: giving encouragement to continue
Q: Countertransference
Answer: Circumstances in which a psychoanalyst develops personal feelings about a client because of perceived similarity of the client to significant people in the therapist’s life.
Q: Transference
Answer: in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent) ( unconscious)
Q: movement synchrony
Answer: mirrored, nonverbals or body gesturesunconsciously sitting in identical positionsmaking similar complex hand movement
Q: emphathy
Answer: ability to identify with another’s feelings, ideas, etc.
Q: rapport
Answer: A positive relationship
Q: Unconditional Positive Regard (Rogers)
Answer: an attitude of acceptance of others despite their failings
Q: Congruence
Answer: Characterizes match what the counselors non verbal communications or body language is saying
Q: Cognitions
Answer: mental processes, such as thinking, memory, sensation, and perception
Q: Reflection of feelings
Answer: Form of paraphrasing. Counselor repeats what client was saying along with feelings implied
Q: Values
Answer: the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live
Q: Ethics
Answer: the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions