Prepare for the ATI Anatomy and Physiology exam with these practice questions and answers. This guide covers all body systems, organ functions, and physiological processes.
Q: What antibody type mediates the body’s response to an allergen?
Answer: IgE
Q: What is associated with wound healing by primary intention?
Answer: Minimum scar tissue
Q: What wax-like substance is secreted by glands in the external ear canal?
Answer: Cerumen
Q: What is responsible for regulation of body temperature?
Answer: Hypothalamus
Q: Production of what, is the function of the prostate gland?
Answer: Substance to enhance sperm motility
Q: What bone is a component of the appendicular skeleton?
Answer: Symphis pubis (shoulder girdle, upper extremeties, pelvis & lower extremities)
Q: What tissue connects bones to joints?
Answer: Ligaments
Q: What tissue connects muscle to bone?
Answer: Tendons
Q: What cardiac valve prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart?
Answer: Aortic Valve
Q: What’s the role of platelets in homeostasis?
Answer: Formation of plugs
Q: What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?
Answer: Prevention of alveoli collapse
Q: What describes the event of ovulation?
Answer: Graafian follicle releases an ovum
Q: What is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?
Answer: Stomach acid
Q: When blood leaves the left ventricle, what does it enter next?
Answer: Aorta
Q: The release of histamine is associated with what?
Answer: Mast Cells, which triggers inflammatory response
Q: What is the measurement of percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?
Answer: Hematrocrit
Q: What is a structure of the inner ear?
Answer: Cochlea
Q: What’s the function of Angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?
Answer: Vasoconstriction, when BP falls too low, Angiotensin II causes “vasoconstriction” which causes an increase in BP
Q: In wound healing, what plays a role in cleaning a wound of cellular debris?
Answer: Neutrophils, involves phagocytosis
Q: What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart?
Answer: Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae
Q: In a normal functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heart beat originate?
Answer: Sinoatrial Node (SA), “pace maker”
Q: After passing through glottis, inspired air travels to where next?
Answer: Larynx
Q: What structure at the end of the ear canal vibrates when sound waves strike it?
Answer: Tympanic Membrane
Q: What is located between the descending colon and rectum?
Answer: Sigmoid Colon
Q: What is the iron-containing component of a red blood cell?
Answer: Hemoglobin
Q: Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by what gland?
Answer: Parathyroid
Q: What type of tissue is under voluntary control?
Answer: Skeletal
Q: What hormone regulates urine output?
Answer: Anti-duretic from posterior pituitary to increase reabsorption of water & sodium from kidney’s
Q: What is the function of the gallbladder?
Answer: Storage until released to aid in digestion
Q: What is the function of the ureters?
Answer: Urine from Kidney to Bladder
Q: Which part of the brain regulates hear rate, respiratory rate and BP?
Answer: Medulla Oblongota
Q: What hormone is secreted by posterior pituitary gland?
Answer: Antidiuretic Hormone
Q: What is associated with wound healing by PRIMARY intention?
Answer: Minimal Scar Tissue
Q: In wound healing, what plays a role in cleaning a wound of cellular debris?
Answer: Neutrophils, involves phagocytosis
Q: What is the result of sympathetic nervous system?
Answer: Increased cardiac output
Q: What occurs as a result of the release of anti-diuretic hormone?
Answer: Fluid volume in the body increases
Q: What pituitary hormone stimulates the process of gametogenesis?
Answer: Follicle stimulating hormone
Q: Average length of female urethra?
Answer: 1-1.5 inches
Q: Correct Order of meningeal layers of brain from inside to outside?
Answer: Pia Mater(brain covering), Arachnoid (middle), Dura Mater (lines skull)
Q: What hormone or enzyme is involved in fluid balance and produced by kidneys?
Answer: Renin, which plays a role in fluid volume regulation and BP
Q: What part of nephron is closest to the collecting duct?
Answer: Distal Convoluted Tubule
Q: Blood pH is measured by gain/loss of what?
Answer: Hydrogen Ions
Q: Where are nutrients absorbed when transported into bloodstream?
Answer: Small Intestines, 3 functions, peristalsis, digestion, absorption. Small intestines transports nutrients to the liver or target cells where they are metabolized.
Q: What function is associated with dermal layer skin?
Answer: Collagen
Q: An occurrence of too high concentration of what electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmia?
Answer: Potassium
Q: What may indicate hyper-secretion of thyroid hormones?
Answer: Weight Loss
Q: What cells are responsible for destruction of old cells and invasive organisms?
Answer: Macrophages through phagocytosis
Q: What part of central nervous system is responsible for control of involuntary respirations?
Answer: Medulla Oblongata
Q: What structure prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs?
Answer: Epiglottis
Q: Straightening the elbow by lowering teh hand affects what muscle?
Answer: Triceps brachii, contracts
Q: What valve prevents back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?
Answer: Tricuspid
Q: What structure comes after the ascending colon?
Answer: Transverse Colon
Q: What is the result of Meiosis?
Answer: Sperm/Ova produced
Q: Breastfeeding provides what immunity?
Answer: Natural Passive
Q: What ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid?
Answer: Sodium
Q: What occurs at the beginning of systole?
Answer: Ventricles contract
Q: Blood cells are produced where?
Answer: Red bone Marrow
Q: What structure is gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts?
Answer: Illeum
Q: What is a function of the liver?
Answer: Lipid metabolism
Q: Blood type that can only receive blood of same type?
Answer: Type O
Q: What hormone is produced by thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism?
Answer: Calcitonin
Q: What mediates body’s response to stress?
Answer: Cortisol
Q: A normal adult bladder has capacity to hold how many mL before involuntary micturition occurs?
Answer: 600 mL
Q: Testosterone is regulated in what gland?
Answer: Pituitary Gland
Q: Whats the effect of Aldosterone secretion on electrolyte levels?
Answer: Sodium levels INCREASE, Aldosterone is secreted when a drop in extracellular sodium occurs. The hormone effect on the kidneys causes to retain sodium and return to blood
Q: What does the respiratory system eliminate when there is excess hydrogen ions in the body?
Answer: Carbon Dioxide
Q: What structure of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange?
Answer: Alveoli
Q: What electrolyte is essential for clotting blood?
Answer: Calcium
Q: What structure filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid?
Answer: Lymph Nodes
Q: Where is the site of sperm maturation in the male reproductive system?
Answer: Epididymis
Q: Bile aids in digestion of what?
Answer: Fat, bile breaks down fats in normally functioning gastrointestinal system
Q: Peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through what process?
Answer: Radiation, which is transfer of heat from the surface of one to the other without direct contact