Prepare for Anatomy histology questions with these practice answers. This covers the four tissue types, cell structures, and microscopic anatomy identification.
Q: Epithelial Tissue
Answer: A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out (includes skin, inside of blood vessels, abdominal cavity, etc)
Q: Simple
Answer: 1 layer of epithelial cells (first classification type)
Q: Stratified
Answer: More than one layer of epithelial cells (first classification type) Shape classification will refer to the outermost layer
Q: Pseudostratified
Answer: A single layer of epithelial cells with different heights and uneven nuclei; some do not reach the surface
Q: Squamous
Answer: Flat cells (second classification type)
Q: Cuboidal
Answer: Cells roughly cube-shaped (second classification type)
Q: Columnar
Answer: Cells that are tall and thin (second classification type)
Q: Simple Squamous Epithelium
Answer: Single layer of flattened epithelial cells (ex: kidneys, alveoli in lungs)
Q: Simple Squamous Epithelium
Answer: Name this tissue
Q: Basal Lamina
Answer: (Basement Membrane) is a complex structure produced by the basal surface of the epithelium and the underlying connective tissue
Q: Lumen
Answer: The cavity or passage in a tubular organ, such as blood vessels or kidneys
Q: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Answer: Consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells with round nuclei. Covers ovaries, lines many kidney tubules and glandular ducts, and functions in secretion and absorption.
Q: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Answer: An upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ
Q: Apical Surface
Answer: Includes both the base, where the cell attaches to underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues, and the sides, where the cell contacts its neighbors.
Q: Basolateral Surface
Answer: A single layer of tall, thin cells. (Kidney, intestines, often have cilia and microvilli on the surface)
Q: Simple Columnar Epithelium
Answer: Cells that line TRACHEA, have goblet cells mixed in
Q: Simple Columnar Epithelium
Answer: Mucus-secreting COLUMNAR epithelial cell in mucous membranes that contain a large vacuole with mucus (ex: tracheal cells)
Q: Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Answer: Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane of certain cells-Found in tracheal and bronchial regions
Q: Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Answer: -Only found in urinary system-Always stratified to avoid leakage-Outermost cell layer resembles both stratified squamous (when squished) and stratified cuboidal (when empty)
Q: Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Answer: Found througout the body; serves to connect different structures of the body. Commonly has it own blood supply (except ligaments); various types include bone, cartilage, adipose (fat), and blood vessels.
Q: Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Answer: (Pennies and sticks)-Areolar-Connective tissue proper-Fibroblasts (dots), collagen (thick ropes), elastic fibers (thin ropes)-Attaches epithelial tissue to underlying structures
Q: Goblet Cell
Answer: (Marshmallows)-Connective tissue proper-Adipocyte nuclei (dots), triglyceride droplets (marshmallows)-Acts as a storage depot for fat, insulates against heat loss
Q: Goblet Cell
Answer: (Cereal in Milk)-Supportive Connective Tissue-Lacunae (holes), chondrocytes (cells in holes)-Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose-No blood vessels, heals very slowly
Q: Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Answer: Small cavities in the bone or cartilage that hold individual bones or cartilage cells.
Q: Cilia
Answer: Cartilage cells
Q: Transitional Epithelium
Answer: Fat cells
Q: Connective Tissue
Answer: (Cinnamon Rolls)-Supportive Connective Tissue-Haversian canals (hole in center on cinnamon rolls), lacunae (small dark holes that contain) osteocytes, canaliculi (spider legs), and lamellae (cinnamon roll rings)-Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
Q: Loose Areolar Connective Tissue
Answer: A channel containing nerves and blood vessels making up compact bone
Q: Loose Adipose Connective Tissue
Answer: Concentric rings of hard calcified substance surrounding haversian canal
Q: Hyaline Cartilage
Answer: (Spider legs)-In compact bone connective tissue-Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Q: Lacunae
Answer: Bone cells
Q: Chondrocytes
Answer: -Includes skin, hair, and nails.-Creates a waterproof protective barrier around the body.-provides protection from external environment-16% of body weightMade of 2 parts:1) Cutaneous Membrane (skin)2) Accessory Structures
Q: Adipocytes
Answer: Bone (compact and spongy) and cartilage (hyaline, elastic, and fibrous) are examples of ______ connective tissue.
Q: Compact Bone
Answer: Blood and lymph are examples of ______ connective tissue.
Q: Haversian Canal
Answer: LOOSE connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular) and DENSE connective tissue (dense regular, dense irregular, elastic aorta tissue) belong to this category.
Q: Lamellae
Answer: Connective Tissue that contains all three types of fibers, usually arranged in a disorderly fashion (found in the subcutaneous layers of the skin)
Q: Canaliculi
Answer: 4 wordsType of loose connective tissue (which is a type of connective tissue proper)Found in liver, kidney, spleen, etc
Q: Osteocytes
Answer: -4 words-Type of dense connective tissue (which is a type of connective tissue proper)-found in ligaments and tendons-resists stress applied in ONE direction
Q: Integument
Answer: 4 words-Type of dense connective tissue (which is a type of connective tissue proper)-Found in dermis; contains randomly spread collagen fibers-Resists stress applied from MULTIPLE directions
Q: Supportive
Answer: -4 words-type of dense connective tissue (which is a type of connective tissue proper)-Combines strength and elasticity; vocal cords, ligaments, elastic arteries, trachea, bronchi, and lung tissue-dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers-found in aorta
Q: Fluid
Answer: A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
Q: Connective Tissue Proper
Answer: A tumor that is not malignant is ____.
Q: Areolar
Answer: A tumor is considered _______ if it is:-Invasive, invades surrounding tissues and destroys them, and/or-Metastatic, travels to a site away from origin of tumor
Q: Loose Reticular Connective Tissue
Answer: Cancer that becomes progressively worse and SPREADS to other ares of the body.
Q: Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Answer: Cancer of epithelial tissue
Q: Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Answer: Uncontrolled growth of melanocytes in the skin, specific cancer
Q: Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
Answer: Cancer of connective tissue
Q: Tumor
Answer: Cancer of the cartilage
Q: Benign
Answer: 1) Epithelial2) Connective3) Muscle4) Neural
Q: Malignant
Answer: Germ layer that gives rise to the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract and its outgrowths.
Q: Metastatic
Answer: Embryonic tissue that forms tissues such as muscle, bone, and blood vessels (Meso = middle)
Q: Carcinoma
Answer: The outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
Q: Melanoma
Answer: -Lines exposed surfaces and hollow parts-in charge of secretions-Cellularity (cell junctions)-Polarity (different apical and basal surfaces)-Attachment (to basal lamina)-Avascularity (no blood vessels)- Regeneration (repairs itself, sheds the old and makes new)
Q: Sarcoma
Answer: Functions of _______ tissue:1) physical barrier, protection (cilia moving mucus)2) selective permeability (intestines absorbing nutrients into bloodstream)3) sensations, sense stimuli4) produce SECRETIONS
Q: Chondrosarcoma
Answer: Contact points between cells that bind them together into a functional unit, form seals between cells, anchor cells in place, provide channels for communication between cells
Q: 4 Types of Tissue
Answer: -TIGHT junctions-seals and prevents leakage (passage of water and solutes) between cells-found in epithelial cells-Found in skin and intestines where leaking is unwanted
Q: Endoderm
Answer: -COMMUNICATING junctions-Has points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another-Channels allow ions and molecules to pass from cell to cell
Q: Mesoderm
Answer: -Anchoring junctions-prevents cells subjected to mechanical stress from being pulled apart from EACH OTHER
Q: Exoderm
Answer: -Anchors epithelial cells to a BASEMENT MEMBRANE (basal lamina)-Helps stablize position on epithelial cell
Q: Epithelial Tissue
Answer: Name of epithelial tissue that lines blood vessels and the heart
Q: Epithelial
Answer: Epithelial tissue that lines body cavities
Q: Cell Junctions
Answer: A cell, a group of cells, or an organ that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body or in a body cavity or for elimination from the body.
Q: Occluding Junctions
Answer: Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
Q: Gap Junctions
Answer: More numerous than endocrine glands, secrete products into ducts and secretion released onto the body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities to reduce friction
Q: Desmosomes
Answer: 1) Merocrine Secretion2) Apocrine Secretion3) Holocrine Secretion
Q: Hemidesmosomes
Answer: This type of secretion is through exocytosis.
Q: Endothelium
Answer: A mode of secretion in which the glandular cell sheds portions of its cytoplasm.
Q: Mesothelium
Answer: The entire cell becomes packed with secretory products & then bursts, killing the cell
Q: Glands
Answer: ________ tissue:-provides structure (bone, cartilage)-connects epithelium to the rest of the body-stores energy (fat)-transports materials (blood)-has no contact with external environment
Q: Endocrine Glands
Answer: Connective tissue cells are ________ for certain jobs.
Q: Exocrine Glands
Answer: The extracellular components of connective tissues make up this ground substance: _____. These components include:-collagen-elastic-reticular
Q: Modes of Secretion
Answer: Consists of water with many molecules dissolved in it, mostly proteins and polysaccharides. Can be liquid, gel-like and solid
Q: Merocrine Secretion
Answer: Characteristics of ______ tissue:-specialized cells-extracellular fibers-ground substance
Q: Apocrine Secretion
Answer: Embryonic connective tissue from which all tissues develop-Only EMBRYOS have
Q: Holocrine Secretion
Answer: -connective tissue develops embryologically from these cells – some become stem cells-ADULTS have