Prepare for the Dental Anesthesia Assistant National Certification Examination (DAANCE) with these practice questions. This covers anesthesia monitoring, patient safety, and emergency protocols.
Q: Central Nervous System
Answer: -brain-spinal column
Q: Peripheral Nervous System
Answer: -sensory nerves-motor nerves
Q: Cranial nerves important for OMS
Answer: -trigeminal nerve (5th)-facial nerve (7th)-vagus nerve (10th)
Q: Trigeminal nerve
Answer: -sensory/motor-Ophthalmic-Maxillary-Mandibular
Q: Facial nerve
Answer: -motor nerves for facial expression
Q: Spinal nerves
Answer: -motor/sensory nerves that leave various tracts throughout the body
Q: Autonomic Nervous System
Answer: -sympathetic-parasympathetic
Q: Sympathetic Nervous System
Answer: -fight/flight-speeds things up-vasoconstriction-increases hr-MAINTAINS BP
Q: Parasympathetic Nervous System
Answer: -rest/digest-slows things down-vagus nerve (slows hr and cardiac output)-increases digestion-increase saliva/pharyngeal production
Q: baroreceptors
Answer: -regulates bp with positional changes
Q: Sympathetic (Adrenergic)
Answer: -alpha (vasoconstriction)-beta 1/ beta 2
Q: Beta 1
Answer: -heart-increase hr and strength of contraction
Q: Beta 2
Answer: -lungs-bronchodilation
Q: atria
Answer: -receive blood
Q: right atrium
Answer: -receives blood from body peripheral circulation-oxygen poor
Q: left atrium
Answer: -receives blood from lungs via pulmonary vein-oxygen rich
Q: ventricles
Answer: -receive blood from atria
Q: right ventricle
Answer: -deoxygenated blood to lungs
Q: left ventricle
Answer: -sends oxygenated blood to the body-pumps harder, thicker walls
Q: Right atrium recieves blood from these oxygen depleted sources
Answer: -superior vena cava-inferior vena cava-coronary sinus
Q: Pulmonary vein
Answer: -Oxygen rich blood
Q: arteries
Answer: -away from heart-thicker walls-elastic for constriction and dilation
Q: vein
Answer: -leading to the heart-deoxygenated blood back to heart
Q: ischemia
Answer: -weakened heart-decreased oxygen supply-angina pectoris (chest pain)
Q: myocardial infarction
Answer: -heart attack-death of tissue, lack of blood
Q: diastolic
Answer: -both atria contraction simultaneously force blood into both ventricles-RELAXED
Q: systolic
Answer: -ventricles contract forcing blood to lungs or peripheral circulation
Q: cardiac cycle
Answer: -heart rate-60-100 bpm-<60 bradycardia->100 tachycardia
Q: Cardioacceleratory center (CAC)
Answer: -located in medulla-sympathetic fibers travels down spinal cord to SA node-release of NOREPINEPHRINE-Increases hr and contractions
Q: Cardioinhibitory center (CIC)
Answer: -located in medulla-parasympathetic fibers (vagus nerve)-release ACETYLCHOLINE (take a seat and relax)-decreases hr and contractions
Q: Sinoatrial node (SA)
Answer: -located in right atrium-acts as pacemaker-sinus rhythm
Q: Atrioventricular node (AV)
Answer: -impulse to bundle of HIS which stimulates R/L ventricles to contract
Q: Purkinje fibers
Answer: -fibers that spreads the impulse over the ventricles to pump blood
Q: stroke volume
Answer: -amt of blood pumped from left ventricle and right ventricle-60 ml (30ml = 1 oz)
Q: cardiac output
Answer: -amt of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 mins
Q: hypoxia
Answer: -lack of oxygen
Q: P wave
Answer: -atrial depolarization
Q: QRS complex
Answer: -ventricular depolarization/contractions
Q: T wave
Answer: -ventricular repolarization
Q: pterygoid plexus
Answer: -behind maxilla on the lateral ptyergoid muscle-hematoma when anesthetized with PSA injection
Q: blood vessels of the arm/hand for venipuncture
Answer: -cephalic-basilic-median cubital-dorsal venous plexus
Q: cephalic
Answer: -lateral forearm
Q: basilic
Answer: -medial forearm
Q: median cubital
Answer: -bridge between cephalic and basilic
Q: dorsal venous plexus
Answer: -smaller-can cause phlebitis
Q: hyperpnea
Answer: -rapid breathing
Q: dyspnea
Answer: -difficulty breathing
Q: apnea
Answer: -absence of breathing
Q: upper airway
Answer: -sinuses-pharynx-trachea
Q: pharynx
Answer: -nasopharynx-oropharynx-laryngopharynx (larynx-voice box)
Q: cricothyrotomy/coniotomy
Answer: -procedure which involves passage of large needle into trachea
Q: alveoli
Answer: -exchange of oxygen for CO2
Q: inspiration
Answer: -Active-increase size of chest-diaphragm-negative pressure
Q: expiration
Answer: -Passive-decrease size of chest-abdominal muscles-positive pressure
Q: external respiration
Answer: -oxygen enters the body
Q: internal respiration
Answer: -oxygen enters blood-CO2 leaves and returns to the blood
Q: Air
Answer: -contains 21% oxygen
Q: anemia
Answer: -reduced hemoglobin-decreased oxygen carrying capacity of RBC’s
Q: carbon dioxide
Answer: -waste product from cells and carried to lungs by the veins
Q: arterial blood
Answer: -increased amt of oxygen than CO2
Q: venous blood
Answer: -decreased amt of oxygen than CO2
Q: oxygen capacity
Answer: -mx amt of oxygen it can carry
Q: oxygen saturation
Answer: -oxygen carried with oxygen capacity
Q: arterial saturation
Answer: -> 95%
Q: tidal volume
Answer: –500 cc amt of air inhaled and exhaled-350 cc reaches alveoli and exchanges CO2->O2-150 cc does not reach alveoli which makes CPR successful
Q: respiration
Answer: -normal 12-16 /min-controlled by medulla-highly sensitive to changes of CO2 and/or pH in the blood
Q: peripheral sensors
Answer: -carotid-aortic (controls respiration and respond to low O2 levels in bloody by increased respirations)
Q: pancreas
Answer: -makes insulin and glucagon
Q: insulin
Answer: -regulates and stores sugar to keep blood glucose leveled
Q: Type I DM
Answer: -severe deficiency of insulin
Q: Type II DM
Answer: -mild to moderate deficiency in insulin
Q: Adrenal glands
Answer: -sit on top of kidneys-secrete corticosteroids
Q: medulla
Answer: -secretes epinephrine/norepinephrine
Q: cortex
Answer: -vital to electrolyte balance (mineralcorticoids) and carbohydrate metabolism (glucocorticoids)
Q: thyroid
Answer: -secretes thyroxin and other hormones to regulate basal metabolic rate
Q: hyperthyroidism
Answer: -too much released-Grave’s disease
Q: hypothyroidism
Answer: -too little released-myxedema-goiter (lack of iodine)
Q: immune system
Answer: -humoral system-cell mediated system
Q: humoral system
Answer: -B cells-antibodies-IgA (saliva, tears, secretions)
Q: cell mediated system
Answer: -T lymphocytes-viral production-immunity
Q: liver
Answer: -protein/lipid synthesis-biotransformation-detoxification-storage of vitamins A, D, E, K, B12
Q: kidneys
Answer: -maintain volume/composition of body fluids-filtrate and excrete
Q: pulse oximeter
Answer: -measures the level of oxygenated hemoglobin compared with total hemoglobin at the site of the probe-measures pulse rate, perfusion at the probe and ventilation-NORMAL > 96%-lag time 20-40 secs due to pt movement or dark nail polish
Q: capnograph
Answer: -measures the level of exhaled CO2-displays wave form-measured as end tidal CO2-increased CO2= decreased ventilation (airway obstruction/respiratory depression)
Q: chronic bronchitis
Answer: -increased production-daily cough-prone to laryngo or bronchospams-must monitor ventilation
Q: emphysema
Answer: -decreased O2 into lungs-loss of elasticity, leads to dyspnea-weaked alveoli-less surface area to exchange O2->CO2