Study injury assessment for your Athletic Training certification. This guide covers the HOPS method (History, Observation, Palpation, Special tests), clinical evaluation, and diagnostic techniques.
Q: Identify what the acronym HOPS stands for?
Answer: History, Observation, Palpation and Special Tests
Q: Define the term HOPS?
Answer: Systematic and standardized procedure used to evaluate injuries
Q: List 6 parameters History questions should answer?
Answer: How did injury occur?When did injury occur?Did you hear anything: pops, grating, etc.?Did you feel anything: give out, pop out, burning, numbness, etc.?What have you done for it: ice, heat, NSAIDs?Type and location of pain?
Q: Define the term Observation?
Answer: Second part of the evaluation, use eyes and ears to evaluate
Q: Define the term History?
Answer: First part of the evaluation, gather subjective information about how and when and injury occurred
Q: List 8 things to look for during the observation?
Answer: Swelling/Atrophy (type, location, amount)DiscolorationDeformitiesGait/weight-bearingPosturefacial expressionskin colorCrepitus
Q: Define the term Universal Precaution?
Answer: Being mindful of bodily fluids and protecting ourselves from contact with those fluids
Q: Define the term Palpation?
Answer: Examine by touch. This is the first time you actually touch the athlete
Q: List 6 things you are looking for during palpation?
Answer: Temperature changes: hot or coldDeformitiesMisalignmentPoint tendernessCrepiticeSwellingRule out fractures
Q: List 7 parameters that special tests are used to determine?
Answer: Joint range of motionMuscle strength and functionLigament stabilityBrain functionSensory and motor functionReflexesFunctional progression
Q: Define the term ROM Testing?
Answer: Movement testing used to determine if the movement of a joint is within normal limits
Q: Identify 3 types of ROM Tests?
Answer: Active—the athlete move the joint themselvesPassive- the athlete is relaxed and you move the joint through the ROMResistive– you apply resistance while the athlete moves the joint
Q: Define the term ligamentous tests?
Answer: Tests used to determine the integrity of specific ligaments
Q: Define the term Grade 1 Sprains?
Answer: Ligament testing reveals solid endpoint (rope)
Q: Define the term Grade 2 Sprains?
Answer: Ligament testing reveals soft endpoint (bungee)
Q: Define the term Grade 3 Sprains?
Answer: Ligament testing reveals no endpoint (nothing)
Q: Define the term Dermatome?
Answer: An area of skin mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve
Q: Define the term Myotome?
Answer: A group of muscle mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve
Q: What device do we use to accurately measure joint ROM?
Answer: Goniometer
Q: Define the term Special Tests?
Answer: Specific techniques used to detect specific pathologies
Q: When performing special tests, what must the evaluator remember to due (testing-wise) to get an accurate assessment of the special tests?
Answer: Bilateral comparison
Q: Identify 3 different types of ROM an evaluator can assess?
Answer: Active ROMPassive ROMResisted ROM
Q: Identify the grading scale for manual muscle testing?
Answer: Grade 0- no muscle contraction at allGrade 1- 10% contraction- contract no movementGrade 2- 25% ” “- Complete ROM with no gravityGrade 3- 50% ” “- Complete ROM with gravity, no resistanceGrade 4- 75% ” “- Complete ROM with some resistanceGrade 5- 100% ” “- Complete ROM with full resistance
Q: Identify 3 parameters that need tested when assessing the brain?
Answer: Cerebral functionCranial nerve functionCerebellar function
Q: Identify and Assess all 12 cranial nerves?
Answer: LOC, intelluctual performance, emotional staus, sensory responses and language skills
Q: Identify how we can assess cerebral function?
Answer: Test coordinated movements
Q: Identify how we can assess cerebellar function?
Answer: Dermatome
Q: Identify the term used for area of skin innervated by a single nerve?
Answer: Myotome
Q: Identify the term used for a muscle or group of muscles innervated by a specific motor nerve
Answer: Reflex
Q: Identify the term used for an involuntary response to a stimulus?
Answer: Deep tendonSuperficialPathological
Q: Identify the 3 common types of reflex testing?
Answer: Referred pain
Q: Identify the term used for pain where there is no sign of injury or disorder?
Answer: Testing Functional Performance
Q: Identify the term used for an assessment that is used to determine athletes readiness to participate or continue participation?
Answer: Full strength?ROMSpeedEnduranceNeuromuscular controlPain free?
Q: Identify 6 major concerns when testing functional performance?
Answer: AccurateAbbreviating
Q: When documenting an injury, ________________ recording is essential! ________________ may help to shorten the cumbersome duties?
Answer: Soap notes
Q: Identify which systematic approach is used to document injury evaluations?
Answer: Subjective
Q: Identify when during the SOAP note process would you record statements made by patient – primarily history information and patient’s perceptions including severity, pain, MOI?
Answer: Objective
Q: Identify when during the SOAP note process would you record findings based on evaluation of visual inspection, palpation and assessment of ROM and other special tests?
Answer: Assessment
Q: Identify when during the SOAP note process would you record the professional opinion regarding impression of injury which may include suspected site of injury and structures involved along with rating of severity?
Answer: Plan
Q: Identify when during the SOAP note process would you record information which may include first aid treatment, referral information, goals (short and long term) and examiner’s plan for treatment?
Answer: Everytime we evaluate or treat an injury