Prepare for the Praxis General Science (5005) exam with these practice questions and answers. This guide covers earth science, life science, physical science, and scientific methodology.
Q: Igneous Rock
Answer: formed when hot magma cools beneath the groundorlava cools above the groundforms crystal like/ glassy rocksex: granite, pumus, basalt
Q: Sedimentary Rock
Answer: Changed by pressuredoes not involve heatUsually near water/ involves watersometimes contain fossilsforms from previously weathered and erroted material which may have been igneous, sedimentary, rock metamorphic rock.ex: dolemite, limestone, sandstone
Q: Metamorphic Rock
Answer: Has been changed by great heat and pressurealtered, partially remeltedex: slate, marble
Q: Plate tectonic theory
Answer: Lithosphere is made up of major and minor platesSit on viscous (thick fluid) part and move with it
Q: Three types of plate boundaires
Answer: 1. Transform boundaries: they slide past each other causing friction/ earthquakes2. Divergent boundaries: two plates that pull away from each other/ creates new crust3. Convergent boundaries: plates push into each other/ one goes under called subduction
Q: The atmosphere is composed of
Answer: 78% nitrogen21 % oxygen
Q: List earths atmosphere layers in order from lowest to highest.
Answer: TroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereExosphere
Q: Moon phase: waxing
Answer: Two weeks where the moon goes from a new moon to a full moon
Q: After a full moon the moon is
Answer: Waning
Q: What type of cells are animal and plant cells
Answer: Eukaryotic
Q: Eukaryotic cells have a
Answer: Nucleus
Q: Mendels laws are the laws of
Answer: Segregation (each parent contributes half) and the law of independent assortment (traits are passed randomly)
Q: Natural selection
Answer: The theory developed by Darwin that traits help give a species a survival advantage are passed on to generations
Q: Heterotrophs
Answer: feed off of a hostcan only consume food/ cannot produce their own
Q: the number of protons in the nucleus determines
Answer: the atomic number of the element
Q: atoms with neutral charge have an atomic number that is equal to
Answer: the number of electrons
Q: Atomic mass (A)
Answer: total number of protons(Z) and neutrons(N) in the nucleusA= Z+N
Q: Boyle’s law
Answer: Gases contract when pressure is applied to themIf temp remains the same so will pressure and and volume ratio
Q: Ideal gas law
Answer: explains the properties of a gas under ideal pressure, volume, and temperature conditions.
Q: Conduction
Answer: form of heat transfer that occurs at the molecular levelex: pan on burner, handle isn’t hot at first but then heat transfers
Q: Convection
Answer: heat transfer that occurs through the movement or circulation of fluidsheat moves to cooler denser areasex: boiling water, ocean currents
Q: Temperature
Answer: the average kinetic energy of an objects particlewhen heat increases so does kinetic energy
Q: Heat capacity
Answer: the amount of heat energy needed to raise the the temp of an objectmeasured in joules
Q: Potential energy
Answer: the amount of energy an object has stored within itself because of its position or orientation
Q: Kinetic energy
Answer: the energy of an object in motionwhen an object is dropped it converts from potential energy to kinetic energyyou can use potential and kinetic energy to calculate velocity of an object during a fall
Q: Friction
Answer: a force that arises as a resistance to motion where two surfaces are in contact.
Q: Gravational force
Answer: a universal force that causes every object to exert a force on every other object
Q: Bouyancy
Answer: density determines if something will sink or floatless dense than water = float
Q: 3 types of levers
Answer: 1st: work is in the middle: ex seesaw2nd: work is at one end: pry bar, wheelbarrow3rd: work is at one end and the motion is reversed ex: fishing pole, hammer, tweezers
Q: Conductors vs Insulators
Answer: Conductors allow the movement of electrical charge while insulator materials prevent the movement of electrical charge
Q: Blood is an example of
Answer: a buffer
Q: Radiation
Answer: Transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves
Q: What is the largest planet
Answer: Jupiter- made up of hydrogen gasHalf formed sun
Q: Lithosphere is made up of
Answer: The crust and the upper mantle
Q: The kidneys
Answer: Filter blood
Q: Dmitri Mendeleev
Answer: Created the periodic table
Q: Bile
Answer: Made in the liver and breaks down fats
Q: To separate salt from sand
Answer: Boil mixture with water
Q: Primary Producers
Answer: (Autotrophs) Organisms that make their own food sunlight EX: PLANTS
Q: Primary Consumers
Answer: Herbivores
Q: Secondary Consumers
Answer: Carnivores & Omnivores
Q: Tertiary Consumers
Answer: Eat carnivores & omnivores
Q: Invertebrates
Answer: Arthropods, Mollusks, Annelids, coelenterates, starfish & worms
Q: Arthropods
Answer: Insects, spiders & crustacean
Q: Mollusks
Answer: Snails, slugs, mussels & octopuses
Q: Annelids
Answer: Earthworms & Leeches
Q: Animals with hollow bones
Answer: Birds
Q: Animals with no teeth
Answer: Birds, lizards, & frogs
Q: Primary succession
Answer: Formation of a new community where no community has existed. EX: Newly formed volcanic islands
Q: Secondary succession
Answer: Occurs when a community has been destroyed by natural occurrences or human activities. A new community then replaces it.
Q: Recovery & renewal
Answer: When an ecosystem recovers from catastrophic events such as fires, floods, avalanches, landslides, or earthquakes. Succession will take place so long as the essential abiotic element remain to support living things.
Q: Succession
Answer: Natural replacement of one community of living things by another. EX: An untended field of soil will first be inhabited by small plants and insects; when these plants and insects die, their nutrients will be added to the soil, creating rich enough soil to support the life of larger and different plants.
Q: Smallest plannet
Answer: Mercury
Q: The ozone is deteriorating because of
Answer: Bromine and chlorine in addition to chlorofluorocarbons.
Q: How to measure acidity
Answer: Litmus Paper, Probe and Meter
Q: Qualities of inner plannets
Answer: Also known as Terrestrial Planets. Smaller and rockier. Made up of mostly heavy metals such as iron and nickel.
Q: Qualities of outer plannets
Answer: Also known as Jovian Planets or Gas Giants. Mainly composed of hydrogen and helium
Q: Pituitary Gland
Answer: major endocrine gland responsible for growth
Q: Fossils are formed when
Answer: organisms are buried by sediment. As more sediment is deposited, the sediment surrounding the organism is compacted, forming sedimentary rock that contains fossils.
Q: Metal attracted to magnets
Answer: Nickel, iron, cobalt
Q: Troposphere
Answer: Sphere where weather occurs
Q: Stratosphere
Answer: Sphere where ozone is located within
Q: Sublimation
Answer: The chane from a solid to a gas
Q: Condensation
Answer: The change from a gas to a liquid
Q: Glands involved in homestasis
Answer: Sweat glands, lungs, kidneys
Q: Examples of communicable diseases
Answer: pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), malaria, measles, STD’s
Q: Classification of life
Answer: Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species-(Dumb King Phillip Came Over From German Soil)
Q: Controlling the internal environment
Answer: homeostasis
Q: Mutations
Answer: Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides. The source of all genetic diversity. (Changes in DNA)
Q: Adaptation
Answer: An inherited behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
Q: Main causes for extinction
Answer: Climate change & Habitat destruction
Q: If earth began 12 midnight & it is currently 11:59, when did humans arrive?
Answer: 11:59
Q: Traits pass through
Answer: proteins?